Mine ventilation system

First, mine ventilation system

The mine ventilation system plays an extremely important role in the ventilation and production safety of the entire mine and is the guarantee for the safe production of the mine. Whether for new mines or production mines, the rationality, safety, science and economy of the mine ventilation system must be guaranteed.

Reading the mine ventilation system map can correctly determine whether the mine ventilation system is reasonable. It can play a decisive role in ensuring the supply of wind at the standby site and ensuring safe production, whether it is conducive to basic construction and reducing ventilation costs.

Workers engaged in mining production must master the basic knowledge of the mine ventilation system and will read the mine ventilation system map.

(1) Basic content

The wind flow enters the mine from the inlet of the wind inlet, passes through the various wind tunnels in the underground, and then discharges the mine from the return air well. The entire route through which the wind flows and its supporting ventilation facilities are called mine ventilation systems. The mine ventilation system is the general term for mine ventilation methods, ventilation methods, ventilation networks and their associated ventilation facilities.

1. Mine ventilation method

(1) Project: Mine ventilation method - natural ventilation

Description: Ventilation method using natural wind pressure as ventilation power to promote air flow in the shaft

(2) Project: Mine ventilation method - mechanical ventilation - withdrawable

Description: The fan is installed at the outlet of the wind, using the wind pressure of the fan as the ventilation power, and the ventilation method for causing the air to flow along the predetermined route in the well lane, also called negative pressure ventilation

(3) Project: Mine ventilation method - mechanical ventilation - pressing type

Description: The fan is installed at the inlet of the wind inlet, using the wind pressure of the fan as the ventilation power, and the ventilation method for causing the air to flow along the predetermined route in the well lane, also called positive pressure ventilation

(4) Project: Mine ventilation method - mechanical ventilation - hybrid

Description: Install fans in and out of the wind shaft

2. Mine ventilation

The mine ventilation mode is divided into four types: central type, diagonal type, regional type and hybrid type according to the relative positions of the inlet and return air shafts.

(1) Project: Mine ventilation mode - central type - central side by side

Description: The inlet and outlet shafts are arranged in the center of the well;

(2) Project: Mine ventilation method - Central type - Central delineation

Description: The inlet well is arranged in the middle of the well, and the outlet well is arranged in the middle of the upper boundary of the well;

(3) Project: mine ventilation method - diagonal type - two-wing diagonal type

Description: The inlet well is arranged in the center of the well, and the outlet well is arranged near the boundary of the upper wing of the well or at the center of the mining area of ​​the two wings;

(4) Project: mine ventilation method - diagonal type - partition diagonal

Description: The inlet well is arranged in the center of the well, and the outlet well is arranged at the upper boundary of each mining area;

(5) Project: Mine ventilation method - regional type

Description: In the center of each production area of ​​the well, separate inlet and return air wells are formed to form separate ventilation systems;

(6) Project: Mine ventilation method - hybrid

Description: a combination of the above several methods;

3. Mine ventilation network

The basic connection forms of the airflow in the mine ventilation network are three types: serial network, parallel network and angular network.

(1) Network mode - series

Description: It is called “one-stop” ventilation. The basic characteristics are: equal air volume and wind pressure addition;

(2) Network mode - parallel

Description: It is called partition ventilation or independent ventilation. The basic characteristics are: the air volume is added and the wind pressure is equal;

(3) Network mode - corner joint

Description: The middle roadway BC is a diagonal roadway. The basic characteristics are: the BC roadway is unstable. In practice, the use of a corner-connected network should be avoided as much as possible;

(4) Network mode - complex joint

Description: The ventilation network of each mine is complex;

4. Mine ventilation facilities

Mine ventilation facilities have three types: guiding, partitioning and regulating wind flow.

(1) Mine ventilation facilities - ventilation facilities to guide the wind flow - wind bridge - bypass type wind bridge

Description: The service period is longer and the air volume passed is above 20 m3/s;

(2) Mine ventilation facilities - ventilation facilities to guide the wind flow - wind bridge - concrete wind bridge

Description: The service period is longer, and the air volume passed is above 10~20 m3/s;

(3) the mine ventilation - guiding the airflow ventilation - air bridge - iron cylinder air bridge

Description: The service period is longer, and the air volume passed is below 10m3/s;

(4) Mine ventilation facilities - ventilation facilities to guide the wind flow - wind 硐 - see other

(5) Ventilation facilities that block the wind flow - wind wall - temporary wind wall

Note: When the service period is not long (within two years), nail the board on the column and smear the yellow mud on the board;

(6) Ventilation facilities for blocking wind flow - wind wall - permanent wind wall

Note: If the service period is more than two years, it shall be constructed of brick, stone, cement and other materials;

(7) Ventilation facilities for blocking airflow - dampers

Note: When the damper is closed, the wind flow is cut off; when the damper is opened, the pedestrians drive; if two dampers are to be installed, the two dampers should be locked, the spacing should meet the requirements, and the damper should be opened in the wind;

(8) Ventilation facilities for blocking airflow - explosion-proof doors - see other

(9) Ventilation facilities regulating wind flow - adjusting the wind window

Description: A window that can be adjusted with an open area on the damper

(2) Mine ventilation system diagram

1. Mine ventilation system diagram

The mine ventilation system diagram is a representation of the parameters of the mine ventilation network, ventilation equipment and facilities, airflow direction and air volume. According to different drawing methods, it is divided into a ventilation system plan, a schematic diagram of the ventilation system and a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the ventilation system.

(1) Ventilation system plan The ventilation system plan is composed of the wind flow direction and the ventilation system map on the plan of the mining project. It is a basic drawing of the ventilation system, a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the ventilation system and a ventilation network diagram, which requires monthly mapping.

(2) Plane diagram of the ventilation system The plane diagram of the ventilation system is drawn according to the relative position of the plane of the actual ventilation tunnel in the plan of the mining project, with unproportioned lines. Figure 7-1 shows a schematic plan view of a vertical shaft diagonal ventilation system.

(3) the ventilation system perspective schematic perspective view of a ventilation system according to the relative position of the stereoscopic each coal mine roadway of each layer to the shaft side of the projection, with not drawn to scale from the line, having a three-dimensional visual sense, it can be characterized by Clearly reflect the positional relationship between the various roadways in the mine. Figure 7-2 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a vertical shaft diagonal ventilation system.

2. Mine ventilation network diagram

A schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the mines or the roadways in the mining area by the ventilation route is called a ventilation network diagram, as shown in Figure 7-2b. It can clearly show the relationship between the ventilation tunnels and the flow of the wind flow, and it is convenient to analyze and study the rationality of the ventilation system, calculate the ventilation network, and improve and strengthen the ventilation management.

3. Legend of mine ventilation map

See Figure 7-1 for the mine ventilation system map, mine ventilation network map and mine ventilation safety monitoring and control system diagram.