New foreign rod pump and its characteristics

New foreign rod pump and its characteristics Xue Lingdong, Liao Wenshan 2, Song Quan, Chen Ronghua 2 (1. Shengli Oilfield Dongsheng Corporation, Shanghe Shandong 251609; Shengli Oilfield Ziling West Oil Production Plant, Dongying, Shandong 257237) New rod-type pump, namely, double-tube pump and multi-phase pump, such as thickened pump; anti-erosion pump. Self-rotating piston pump. Anti-sand pump and swirl plunger pump and other sand control pumps; coiled tubing pump. Downstroke pumps and high-efficiency pumps with collection plunger pumps. The article introduces the technical characteristics of these pumps.

Management work.

About 75% of the world's oil wells are produced using rod pumps. The rod pump is the most critical part of the rod pumping unit. In order to promote the technical progress of rod pump oil extraction and improve the economic benefits of its oil production, foreign petroleum machinery manufacturers have invested a lot of manpower and material resources. In recent years, they have successfully developed a series of new rod pump rods, that is, double-tube pumps and Pumps, such as multi-phase pumps; anti-erosion pumps, self-rotating piston pumps, sand- and gas-proof pumps, and swirling plunger pumps, etc. sand control pumps and coiled tubing pump, down-stroke rod pump, and collection plunger pump And other efficient pump.

1 Thickening pump 1.1 Double-tube pump 111 US Multh Pump Level Control The company has developed a double-tube pump consisting of a double-column consisting of a power liquid column and a production column in which a sucker rod is run. . It has a conversion device consisting of a polished rod, a sealing element and a liquid flow transfer head mounted on a sucker rod, which allows the flow of liquid up the production string, and the power liquid string at this time is the water, thin oil Or kerosene is full. Because it sucks heavy oil that does not drain from between the tubes, it can reduce the friction of heavy oil along the stem tube annulus. In addition, a fixed annular valve is installed on the conversion device to prevent sand in the well fluid from entering the pump. The annular single-flow valve above the plunger also eliminates air locks. If its conversion device is changed to the bypass pipe, the diluent can be injected from the pump inlet to suck the extra high viscosity crude oil.

At present, the use of this type of double-tube pump has enabled steam injection wells to increase crude oil production, enabling early production of cold wells with severed shafts to be produced under the highest yields, and can pump very high viscosity crude oil. The results of the use of the mine show that the double-tube pump can not only efficiently pump heavy oil, prevent pump sand cards and air locks, but also significantly reduce the light rod load. As a result, pumping power consumption and maintenance costs of oil wells can be reduced, and the maintenance period for oil wells can be substantially extended.

Multiphase Pump 121 US Quinn Pump Company recently developed a multiphase pump.

It is designed for suction foam/gas-containing fluids and heavy oils. The multi-phase pump eliminates the fixed valve and the cover of the conventional pump, which can reduce the resistance of the well fluid to the pump, increase the flow rate of the pump and completely eliminate the air lock of the pump, and can pump sand-containing emulsion and heavy oil. The floating valve assembly is located on the top of the plunger. The rigid sealing ring and the fixed valve are located above the pump cylinder. This can create a nozzle effect at the pump inlet, allowing the well fluid to quickly advance into the pump during the upstroke. In addition, the fixed valve bracket made of synthetic material is also equipped with a rubber scraper and a sealing ring, which can effectively seal the valve stem and prevent the valve stem from jamming during pumping. When the pump is in the down stroke, the fixed valve is first closed, the plunger continues to open the downstream moving valve, and the well fluid enters the pump cylinder at the upper part of the plunger. When the pump stroke is up, the traveling valve is closed and all well fluids in the pump cylinder can be opened by the fixed valve holder. The rack enters the tubing and is pumped to the surface.

2 sand pump anti-erosion pump 131 US Quinn pump company developed an anti-erosion pump, consisting of a plug-in guide hood, titanium carbide ball seat and seat top control assembly of 3 parts. It uses a double chrome plated or polymer plunger seal to effectively prevent formation particles and fracturing sand from entering the pump's plunger barrel. The actual use results of the mine show that the use of it can effectively prevent pump wear, sand cards and leakage, which can significantly extend the life of the pump in the sand production wells and oil wells free maintenance period, reducing the cost of well maintenance. 2. Self-rotating piston pump 13 The United States has developed a self-rotating piston pump with a rigid connection between the pump body and the plunger, and the outer surface of the pump is also provided with a spiral groove that can communicate with its inner chamber via a channel. . At the time of the down stroke, the crude oil in the well can enter the plunger through the hole blocked at the up stroke, enter the pump body through the inner passage of the plunger, and finally enter the spiral groove through the passage. In this way, the upward sub-velocity of the oil flow can in turn act on the upper edge of the spiral groove, generating a torque to the pump body. Under the effect of this torque, the pump body and the plunger can rotate clockwise. The oil rod is connected to the pump body through a rotary joint. The plunger can rotate freely within the pump cylinder. The plunger rotates clockwise on each downward stroke to make the outer circle evenly worn and the plunger can be removed. Sand accumulation between pump cylinders.

With this type of self-rotating piston pump, the maintenance cost of severe sand production wells in an oil field in Central California has decreased by 37%, the number of minor repairs has decreased by 51%, and the pumping cost has been reduced by 48%. It applies to severe sand production wells, which can reduce the oil production cost, shorten the production time of oil wells, prolong the maintenance period of oil wells, and can make 'dead wells' change their "live" and increase crude oil production.

2. Anti-air and sand control pump 141 US CDI Power Equipment Company developed an anti-gas and anti-sand pump. Its sand collection tool is installed between two pump barrels. The plunger must pass it up and down during each stroke. Its stroke is The length of the plunger determines the length of the cylinder and the position of the tool. Compared with the current sand-stripping plunger and high-compression valve cover, the sand control effect is the best.

On the down stroke of the pump, before the piston completely passes the sanding tool, the gas in the pump is trapped between the plunger and the tool. In this case, the fluid in the oil pipe can enter the tool downward and the gas can be discharged into the pump. When the upstroke plunger passes through the tool, the well fluid retained therein fills down below the pump cylinder, which further reduces the gas therein and relieves the liquid strike and air lock of the pump. The success rate of its downhole drilling has been successfully applied to severe sand production wells and gas production wells in some US oil fields.

2.4 Swirl Plunger Pump 15 American Eagle Technology has developed a swivel plunger pump with a swivel plunger that can be mounted directly over a conventional plunger. It allows sand, gravel, iron sulfide and other particles in the production fluid to pass quickly through the pump assembly, preventing them from collecting between the pump cylinder and the plunger.

The well pump fluid is allowed to pass between the plunger of the conventional pump and the pump cylinder, and dirt will accumulate therein. The plunger wears rapidly as it moves up and down, especially scratches on the surface of the plunger and barrel. In addition, the resulting friction will also cause the pumping unit to automatically stop and break the pole. This kind of swirl plunger has a rod pump, which can carry the miscellaneous debris accumulated between the plunger and the pump cylinder when it is descending, so that it can enter the center of the plunger through the discharge hole and mix with other well fluids into the pump. It is discharged into the tubing. During the entire ascent of the pump, the debris is collected in the conical cavity on the upper part of the new plunger; when the pump descends, they are flushed upward and enter the tubing through the inner surface of the three wings of the conical cavity. . At the same time, the axial perforated blades installed in the new type of plunger can also continuously rotate the well fluid-machine debris. As a result, the plunger and the pump barrel can be uniformly worn and their service life can be extended.

3 anti-air pump 141 A new type of rod pump that can be used in the air lock case, the upper part of the pump cylinder is gradually increasing the cone. When the plunger enters the conical zone near the top dead center, the amount of pump leakage increases. As a result, the pressure between the plunger and the traveling valve can be equalized, and the high pressure can be immediately reached in the pump cylinder when the plunger is descending, so that the traveling valve is forcibly opened. This can fundamentally eliminate the pump air lock and enable it to produce gas. Large wells are normally used.

Mine dynamometer test shows that with the new anti-air pump pumping, the minimum load of the polished rod increases, the resonance of the sucker rod column decreases, and the compressive load on the pump rod is reduced. This shows that using it can fundamentally eliminate pump locks and reduce the stress range of the pole. It can also eliminate the gas and liquid shock of the pump, reduce the wear of the rod pipe of the pump, and ensure the normal production of large gas wells.

4 Highly efficient pump 4.1 Coiled tubing pumping system 121 The United States coiled tubing company has developed a coiled tubing pumping system that includes downhole and surface equipment. It replaces conventional sucker rods with coiled tubing. The hollow plunger pump with recovery anchors is lowered into the tubing string of the oil well, and the upper end of the pump rod is passed through the hollow sucker rod connected to the oil outlet hose and the pump head. connection. As a result, coiled tubing can be used instead of sucker rod pumping. Because the pumping system is not connected downhole, it can eliminate the wear downhole, extend the service life of the oil pipe, and eliminate the need for the rods to be removed, eliminating the need for salvage operations. Because the diameter of the coiled tubing is larger than that of the sucker rod, the annulus between the tubing and the tubing is smaller, and the well fluid can be quickly pulled out of the surface to prevent the tubing from waxing. The actual use shows that it can be used normally for a long time under the pump depth of 1 830m, with a displacement of 480m3/d, and it is also particularly suitable for slim hole wells.

4.2 Downward stroke There is a rod pump 14. A downstroke rod pump, its main structural feature is that even at the bottom dead point, the pump plunger in the tubing is still longer than the pump cylinder, and the polished rod diameter is the same as the pump plunger. At present, it has been made into a tube pump and a rod pump, and it can be used to equalize the lifted well fluid load and outlet pipeline pressure during up and down strokes, thereby reducing the reverse stress of the rod column.

In the upstroke, the traveling valve closes, the well fluid fills the pump cylinder below the plunger, the rod lifts the liquid column equal to the plunger diameter, and the rod and the plunger volume increase in the tubing, and the inner volume of the tubing No change, so the pole does not withstand the back pressure of the wellhead; on the downstroke, the plunger and light rod down, so that the internal volume of the tubing changes, the well fluid can be discharged between the moving valve and the fixed valve into the tubing, then the light rod into The pressurized action of the stagnant well fluid in the tubing can discharge this part of the well fluid to the surface, and the pressure discharged by the well fluid is provided by the mass of the rod, which can further reduce the input power and the reverse stress of the mast during the down stroke.

Mine use results show that it has the advantages of equal maximum and minimum loads, low power demand and power consumption, fewer pole and column failures, long maintenance-free periods, and resistance to sand and other solid-phase wear.

4.3 Collecting plunger with rod pump 151 Russia has developed a rod pump with collecting plunger, which is made by replacing the conventional smooth plunger with a collecting plunger with a set of rigid sealing rings, and its plunger seals. The ring is mounted on the outer circumference of the plunger eccentrically with the axis of the plunger and can be clamped by means of an elastic element underneath it, so that it can ensure that the sealing surface, which does not always depend on the pressure difference, is constantly in contact with the sealing ring. After wear, the elastic element can also tighten the ring for radial and axial compensation. In addition, when the pump is pumping oil, the seal ring and the pump cylinder can be automatically run-in to block the leakage of the well fluid between the plunger and the pump cylinder. Since the seal ring is mounted on the elastic member, the wear strength between the plunger pump cylinders can also be reduced, eliminating the occurrence of a stuck plunger and extending the life of the pump.

The application of this new type of oil pump in the mines of Russian oil companies shows that using it can increase the pumping efficiency to 0.61, the oil well production increase 12.6%, and the service life doubles. Compared with conventional pumps, it also has the advantages of lower manufacturing and operating costs, maintainability and adaptability.

5 Conclusions and recommendations The basic structure, working principle and mine use effect of the new foreign high-efficiency oil pump indicated that they all have the advantages of improving pump efficiency, prolonging the maintenance period of oil wells, high reliability, wide adaptability, and reducing the cost of oil extraction. . It is suggested that all relevant domestic oil machinery research and manufacturing companies can learn from the structure and function principle of these new rod pumps, integrate the advantages of these pump oil pumps, and improve and develop rod-type oil pumps suitable for China's oilfield development conditions to reduce oil production costs and improve Oilfield development effect.

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