Analysis report on environmental pollution of the two associations in 2011 and related measures

During the previous two sessions in 2010, representatives of the “two-conference” representatives and committee members paid great attention to the issues of environmental pollution and environmental protection with representatives of emerging environmental protection concepts such as “low-carbon economy”. The Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee submitted a proposal at the Third Session of the Eleventh National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) that the “Green China” construction should be promoted from the three levels of green ecological environment, green economy, and green culture; Prof. Li Yin, deputy to the National People’s Congress and head of the Wuhan Experimental Foreign Languages ​​School, suggested We must innovate waste disposal methods, and strive to implement a model of waste separation at the source to reduce waste pollution and achieve recycling and sustainable development. Tang Zuxuan, deputy to the National People's Congress and dean of Dengzhou City Hospital in Henan Province, proposed to encourage low-carbon civil servants Travel, cycling to and from work, reduce air pollution and energy consumption.

Before the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 2011, the People's Daily Political Department and the People's Daily jointly launched a large-scale network called “Top Ten Hot Issues Most Regarded by Internet Users in 2011” on the hot issues of the two parties that most people are most concerned about. survey. A total of 18 key words were designed for this survey, including such issues as justice, anti-corruption, health care reform, house price control, price control, food safety, environmental pollution, education reform, democracy and legal system construction, legal demolition, household registration reform, and traffic management. problem.

As of 9:00 on February 16, "environmental pollution" ranked fifth with 7,583 votes. This is the first time that "environmental pollution" has been selected as an alternative hot topic and it has been selected for the first time in ten hot topics.

In the online poll for "environmental pollution", 93% of the 3,207 participants considered "China's environmental pollution problem is very serious." For the major factors causing environmental pollution, 75% believe that “local governments sacrifice environmental protection for economic benefits” and 11% believe that “regulatory is not in place”. Among those surveyed, 39% said that they would increase citizens' environmental awareness through increased penalties, and 11% urged the media and public figures to do more to build a citizen's awareness of environmental protection.

The year 2011 is the first year of China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for national economic and social development that indicates the direction of development for the next five years will be the focus of discussions during the "two sessions." Details such as emission reduction indicators closely related to environmental pollution issues are expected to be gradually clarified, and specific plans for each specific area are expected to be gradually introduced. On the other hand, according to the recommendations of the deputies and members, the National People's Congress Environment Protection Committee also pointed out in recent days that the “Environmental Protection Law” was amended as a follow-up to the legal cleanup and included in the legislative plan of the NPC Standing Committee in 2011. .

With the rapid development of society and economy, material wealth is increasing, and people are paying more and more attention to the quality of living environment while their living water is continuously improving. In the past, extensive economic growth in China has consumed natural resources on the one hand, and on the other, it has also caused tremendous damage to the natural ecological environment. Members of the two committees and representatives from various industries and fields are the fundamental starting point for preventing and controlling pollution and protecting the environment, and formulate different proposals to help China’s sustainable development.

I. Call for the introduction of "environmental pollution liability insurance"

China is still at a high risk of environmental pollution accidents. There are many hidden risks of pollution, and the frequency of some accidental, sudden and accidental pollution accidents is getting higher and higher. According to relevant surveys, among the 7,055 large-scale heavy chemical industry projects surveyed in the country, 81% are located in environmentally sensitive areas such as river waters and densely populated areas; 45% are major sources of risk.

Due to various factors, China's environmental pollution liability insurance is developing very slowly. Wu Yan, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Party Secretary of the People's Insurance Group of China, called for accelerating the development of environmental pollution liability insurance and promoting the development of a low-carbon economy. At the same time, it further improved the environmental pollution liability insurance system and established a sound legal and regulatory system for environmental pollution liability insurance as soon as possible. This will promote China's low-carbon economic development, build an ecological civilization, and build an environment-friendly society.

Second, the development of environmental protection funds

At present, the investment in environmental protection industries is still limited by the investment, financing, and investment model of investment, construction, and operation in China's environmental infrastructure. The financial funds are far from meeting the needs of the development of the environmental industry. Professional investment operators are still in the early stages of development. The capital market is still not well-developed. Existing sources of industrial fund sources are insufficient to support the deepening and development of environmental industries.

The shortage of fiscal funds and insufficient investment in industrial funds is a major dilemma facing the environmental protection industry. CPPCC Standing Committee, general manager of China General Technology Group Li Wei suggested that innovation environmental protection industry financing model, the establishment of environmental protection funds, the introduction of social capital to develop the environmental protection industry. Li Yong believes that if appropriate institutional innovations can be made, existing investment and financing models can be reformed, so that the vast majority of social capital can have incentives and channels to invest in the environmental sector and try new ways of combining social capital with national investment. The contradiction between funding needs and insufficient supply that are plaguing the environmental sector is expected to be resolved.

Third, garbage disposal requires "garbage tax"

The urban secondary pollution caused by garbage collection and bagging in cities and towns in cities and towns is very serious. With the increasing amount of garbage, the government pays for clean freight (vehicle fuel costs, maintenance fees, staff salaries, etc.) each year. Increasingly, fiscal spending has steadily increased. At the same time, the garbage disposal methods adopted by some cities are very backward, and waste separation and garbage collection have not been implemented. Even building waste power plants, the production of toxic emissions such as dioxin is also very serious, equivalent to the spread of waste from the ground into the air, causing new environmental pollution. Disposal of rubbish has become another difficult problem after the urbanization process is relaying traffic jams.

Dai Xiaoyan, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Jiusan Society, called for the collection of "garbage tax" and considered that "the public should pay for their own garbage." Therefore, while increasing the input of fiscal funds, the government collects reasonable waste taxes and fees in accordance with the law and effectively solves the problem of funds for garbage collection and disposal. At the same time, Dai Xiaoyan thinks that urban secondary pollution caused by garbage collection and bagging in cities and towns in China is very serious, and the state should stipulate legislation for the classification and disposal of rubbish.

Fourth, monitoring standards should advance with the times

The latest research shows that the current air pollution structure in China has been transformed from the former coal-fired pollution into a complex type of coal-smoke-type and automotive exhaust pollution, the specific performance of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC), inhalable particles ( PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) are all contaminants that are present at high concentrations. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter whose diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the atmosphere. It is also referred to as lung-infiltrating particulate matter and is invisible to the naked eye. It is the main killer of black lungs and ashy days. The results of the study showed that the underlying cause of hazy weather was caused by contamination with fine particles (PM2.5).

Urban air quality levels are determined by the air pollution index calculated from three indicators: respirable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Since the index of atmospheric particulates used in the calculation of the API index is PM10, PM2.5 is not included in the API index. This inevitably leads to the phenomenon that “ash often occurs and the air is excellent”.

To this end, the Central Democratic Progressive Committee proposed proposals and wished to learn from some common practices in international air quality monitoring and evaluation to modify and improve the current air quality standards and evaluation (API index) system in China: to formulate PM2.5 air quality standards as soon as possible. , carry out regular monitoring of PM2.5; incorporate PM2.5 into the air quality assessment (API index) system to better reflect the current air quality and haze weather in China; and incorporate atmospheric ozone on the ground into ambient air quality assessment ( API index) system; to strengthen the management of motor vehicle exhaust while controlling the smoke pollution, and timely adjust and improve the standard limits of nitrogen dioxide and atmospheric ozone in China's current Environmental Air Quality Standard.

V. Conducting a survey of land pollution

For a long time, the use of agricultural, chemical fertilizer and plastic film in agricultural production in China has seriously threatened the quality and safety of agricultural land; industrial “three wastes” (exhaust gas, waste water, waste slag) have been discharged unreasonably; there is no scientific understanding of certain heavy metals (Kun , cadmium, lead, etc.) that remain in the main food in some form will seriously affect people's health.

CPPCC members and the former Standing Committee of the Chinese Federation of Industry and Commerce Tong Shishi called for "every five years should be conducted nationwide agricultural sources pollution survey." In order to protect agricultural land and prevent and control agricultural land pollution, it is necessary to provide original and detailed information for reference by the relevant national authorities when formulating the Law on the Prevention of Agricultural Land Pollution and comprehensive control. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the four ministries and commissions of the Ministry of Health form a special team to launch a nationwide pollution survey on agricultural land every five years.

Sixth, "limited plastic" should not be empty talk

Since the country implemented the "plastic limit order" in June 2008, the use of plastic shopping bags in supermarkets has fallen sharply, and consumers' awareness of environmental protection has gradually increased. However, supermarkets are currently declining their enforcement of "limited plastic orders". Outside the supermarket, the situation of free supply of plastic bags and ultra-thin bags is still flooding.

The survey results of the implementation of the “plastic limit” conducted in the second half of 2010 in the three cities of Hangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Harbin by Chaoyang District, Beijing’s Chaoyang District Science and Technology Research Center show the proportion of supermarket chains that charge plastic shopping bags in these three cities. This was 63.0%, but it had a downward trend compared to the previous year; retailers other than supermarket chains performed only 26.3% of the “charges”.

NPC deputy Chen Fei, a peasant in the Zhuan Village of Qujiakou Township, Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province, suggested that “everybody should provide a vegetable basket” and called for a clear definition of the “restraining plastic orders” responsible department. The relevant national ministries and commissions should work out during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period. The government's "limited plastic" action plan.

VII. Harmless disposal of food waste

Food waste is a special kind of urban domestic waste. It has rich organic content, high moisture content, perishable, and has a detrimental impact on environmental hygiene. More than 50% of urban garbage is food waste. The best way to recycle this part of the waste is composting or biogasification. The use of biodegradable plastic garbage bags to contain kitchen waste will be converted into composting and other disposal. For fertilizer or energy. Chairman Shi Yaozhong submitted the Proposal on Harmless Treatment and Recycling of Chinese Kitchen Garbage Garbage to the Fourth Session of the Eleventh National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. It is recommended that the legislative process of the Regulations on the Management of Kitchen Waste in China should be accelerated and the Garbage-free, resource-based disposal of legal management.

Shi Yaozhong proposed that compulsory recycling can be implemented and centralized treatment can be carried out. The recycling of restaurant-kitchen garbage shall be implemented by an enterprise that has obtained the qualification for urban waste management. Daily delivery of restaurant waste, catering companies to set up their own standards for the collection of special containers and other equipment. Daily cleaning of restaurant and kitchen waste, the collection and transportation companies must collect and transport food waste at least once a day to the catering company, and they must not be spilled or spilled during transportation.

VIII. Legislation to implement biodegradable waste plastic bags

In view of the fact that the cumulative amount of untreated urban domestic waste in China has reached more than 7 billion tons, the annual traffic volume of domestic ash in 665 cities is about 160 million tons. The area of ​​land occupied by landfills is staggering and is facing an unmanageable embarrassing situation. CPPCC member Yang Hao believes that in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to seriously assess the consumption of life and garbage disposal mode, and the system should implement legislation to classify municipal waste, construct composting yards, and use biodegradable plastic garbage bags. Among them, the implementation of biodegradable plastic garbage bags has become a key point and breakthrough in solving this problem.

Yang Ye suggested that the government should legislate to promote biodegradable waste plastic bags. The biodegradable plastic garbage bags produced must meet the requirements of national standards. Plastic bags for decomposition of wastes can be provided for free or for free at commercial sales, service sites, residential areas, etc. The relevant government departments should approve, approve, and record biodegradable polymers in accordance with industrial policies. Materials, modified materials and their garbage bags and shopping bag products manufacturing enterprises, and give certain financial subsidies, give tax relief, export tax rebates and other supportive policies, and the traditional polyolefin plastic bags increase tax revenue.

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