Electrofusion welding is the name given to resistive implant welding of thermoplastic pipes. It is one of two main techniques used for the joining of polyethylene gas and water pipes. Electrofusion welding employs fittings that are placed around the joint to be welded. Metal coils are implanted into the fittings, and electric current is run through the coils to generate heat and melt part of the pipes, forming a joint upon solidification. There are two possible fittings used in electro fusion welding: couplers and tapping tees (electrofusion saddles). Electrofusion Machines/Electrofusion Welders are used for electrofusion fittings welding. Electrofusion Fittings are a heat treatment method compared to butt fusion methods and are used to generate heat. Electrofusion welding is a type of pipe welding and polyethylene fittings, in which there are special connections that have electrical resistance wire to create welding melting temperatures. The electric current is transmitted through the electrofusion welding eequipment and through the control box to the two ends of the connection. Yuda offers a fulll range of EF315 HDPE Electrofusion Welders, EF500 poly pipe electrofusion welding machine, EF630 HDPE Fitting Electrofusion Equipments and EF800 Electrofusion hdpe fittings machines Electrofusion Machine,Electrofusion Equipment,Electrofusion Welding Machine,Electric Fusion Welding Machine WUXI MEIERTE MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.pipefusionweldings.com
As shown in Figure 1, there are the following differential pressure calculation formulas:
â–³P=P+-P-=(P2+ÏH1g)-(P1+ÏHg)
Where ΔP is the differential pressure value measured by the differential pressure transmitter, Ï is the density of water at a certain temperature and pressure, g is the gravitational acceleration, and P1 and P2 are the space pressures on the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side, respectively, H For the actual water level in the container, H1 is the height of the reference water column.
After the container and its pipeline are formed, H1 is fixed and the P1 and P2 spaces are always connected, ie the space pressure is equal, so that the above differential pressure calculation formula can be transformed into:
P=Ïg(H1-H)
The ΔP can be measured by a differential pressure transmitter. Ï, g, and H1 are all known numbers. It is easy to calculate the H value, which is the actual water level of the container, using modern computer technology.
Second, the existing problem of the traditional measuring method of the condenser water level The condenser water level of the thermal power generating unit is an important parameter. The traditional condenser water level measurement shown in Figure 2, is generally designed and installed 2 sets of such water level measurement system, each set of water level measurement system includes two primary and negative pressure side sampling tube of the primary valve, from the water injection pipe (cited One injection valve from the condensate pump outlet, two secondary valves and one balance valve in the three-valve bank, two sewage discharge valves on the differential pressure transmitter, a total of eight manual valves, and two activities Connector. 
The two sets of water level measurement systems that are redundantly configured have a large deviation of 100-300 mm from each other, which is far from the actual water level indicated by the local glass water level gauge. The unit is particularly serious in the process of start-stop, centralized control room. The operating personnel cannot accurately monitor the water level of the condenser and affect the safe operation of the unit. Maintenance and repair personnel often maintain or eliminate the need for a long time, check the pressure transmitter, water injection, sewage, with solid oil or a variety of glue seal the joints of valves and joints, busy for a long time and finally aligned, and condensed steam When the vacuum of a device fluctuates, or if there is a big vibration in the sampling pipe, the previous work is abandoned.
Third, the cause analysis After the actual inspection and theoretical analysis, the above-mentioned traditional condenser water level measurement problems are mainly due to the following aspects:
3.1 Positive pressure side water seal influences water level measurement Condenser water level Positive pressure side sampling tube The sampling port is close to the condensing zone of the condenser. Under abnormal operating conditions, uncondensed steam will enter the horizontal section of the positive pressure sampling tube. Due to the small pipe diameter (D14×2 or D12×1) or dirt impurities in the pipe, the steam in the pipe does not flow back to the condenser after condensation, and a water seal is formed in the horizontal section, causing measurement deviations and slow change of the water level measurement point. .
3.2 System Leakage Impact Water Level Measurement Water injection pipe is introduced from the condensate pump outlet, the pressure is nearly 3MPa, as long as the water injection valve has a little internal leakage (small internal leakage is difficult to judge), additional positive pressure side pressure or full pressure side sampling tube In the horizontal section, the water level measurement will be significantly lower.
During the operation of the unit, the condenser is in a vacuum state, and the vacuum is more than -90 KPa. The traditional measurement system has 8 manual valves, and 2 joints, often need to discharge sewage or water injection, manually tighten the valve to screw, it is inevitable leakage, any valve or joint joint surface, even if it is a very weak leak, The impact on the water level measurement is great.
3.3 Vacuum fluctuations affecting the water level measurement Vacuum fluctuations have a certain influence on the positive pressure side water level. Vacuum rapidly increases in a short time, and the positive pressure side water level tends to decrease. If the pipeline leaks, the impact will be greater.
In addition, the loss of soda water in the thermal system and the thermal expansion of water can also affect the water level measurement.
Fourth, improve the method and effect shown in Figure 3, the sampling pipe diameter increased, replaced with D22 × 3 stainless steel pipe, a valve for D20, eliminating the possibility of water seal formation. The transmitter uses a differential pressure transmitter with a remote seal, eliminating the need for six valves and two unions. Two flanges are used to sense differential pressure from top to bottom. In this way, there is no need for frequent water injection, sewage disposal, and leakage prevention, which greatly reduces the workload of maintenance personnel. 
Practice has proved that the improved two sets of water level measurement systems have a mutual gap of less than 10mm, and the difference from the in-situ water level meter is less than 30mm at most, and they have been stable and reliable, meeting the condenser water level measurement technical requirements, and the effect is very good.
Improvement Measures of Condenser Water Level Measurement for Thermal Power Plants
First, the general principle of container water level measurement