China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry is the direction of intelligence

Recently, some experts pointed out that establishing a sound technological innovation system is the key to the continued development of China's equipment manufacturing industry. The composition of technological innovation system in equipment manufacturing industry is basic research→common technology research→product development→industrialization. This structure shows that basic common technology is indispensable, and the institutional reform of scientific research institutes in China weakens or even lacks the research and development of basic common technologies. , has produced a significant adverse impact on the overall innovation. At present, the use of the public service platform for the reconstruction of basic and common technology research undertaken by the transformation institutes is imperative, otherwise it will affect the entire strategic process of establishing an innovative country in China.

A few days ago, the "Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries" was released. "High-end equipment manufacturing industry" was listed as one of the seven strategic emerging industries. This is a sign of "beloved" in the high-end equipment manufacturing industry, which has triggered the market's enthusiasm for investment in high-end equipment manufacturing.

If you want to be stronger after you grow bigger, you can say that China's equipment manufacturing system is very perfect. As long as it is equipped, production enterprises can be found in our country. This is not the case in foreign countries. According to the statistics in 2009, the total size of China's equipment manufacturing industry has reached 2.2 trillion US dollars, while the total manufacturing volume in the United States and Japan is 1.5 trillion US dollars and 1.23 trillion US dollars, respectively. The scale of the industry ranks first in the world.

However, while “bigger”, most of the development of China's manufacturing industry still stays at the low end of the industrial chain, and it mainly produces low-value-added products. The front-end R&D design and the back-end sales are all subject to human beings and excessively rely on investment growth. The problems of weak independent innovation capabilities, lack of core technologies and independent brands, low utilization of energy resources, and lagging in supporting capabilities have plagued the sustainable development of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Although China's equipment self-sufficiency rate has reached 85%, it is mainly concentrated in the low-end market, and high-end equipment is still mainly dependent on imports.

For example, electrical equipment is the most prominent field of high-end equipment independent innovation in China. Our conventional thermal power equipment has done very well, but the instrumentation and control systems for nuclear power and gas-fired power generation equipment are still partly dependent on imports.

How large is the gap between domestic equipment companies and international giants? Let us simply make a comparison. General Electric, as a giant in the equipment manufacturing industry, had an operating income of 157 billion U.S. dollars in 2009. The largest enterprise in China's equipment manufacturing industry (with the exception of automotive companies) China Machinery Industry Group's operating income just exceeded 100 billion U.S. dollars last year. Yuan Renminbi. Equipment manufacturing industry is currently facing the dilemma of low overall profit level. Although a number of industry backbone enterprises have developed rapidly, the large scale of production and low economic benefits have constrained the enterprises to become bigger and stronger.

Actively seizing the commanding heights The equipment manufacturing industry is known as the “industrial basement machine” and is the cornerstone of the manufacturing industry. With a strong equipment manufacturing industry, it can be considered as a true manufacturing power. The high-end equipment manufacturing industry is an important engine for upgrading the manufacturing industry. Looking at the world, the United States, Japan, Germany and other world equipment manufacturing powers all follow the concept of controlling the design and manufacture of high-tech and high-value-added equipment, promote the improvement of the overall quality of the industry, and emphasize the use of high technology to optimize and upgrade the traditional equipment manufacturing industry. Manufacturing, maintaining industrial advantages. Therefore, in our country, cultivating high-end equipment manufacturing industry has also become a key breakthrough in the transformation of equipment manufacturing industry from “big to strong”.

Moreover, equipment manufacturing industry is a basic industry that provides technical equipment for the development of the national economy and national defense. It is an important guarantee for industrial upgrading and technological progress in various industries, and is a concentrated expression of the country’s overall strength and technological level. Therefore, the development of high-end equipment manufacturing The industry is of great significance in promoting the development of the national economy. Faced with the intensification of global competition, increasingly severe restrictions on environmental resources and shortages of senior talents, China needs to attach great importance to the development of high-end equipment manufacturing to promote the revitalization of the entire equipment manufacturing industry and provide more effective new industries for emerging industries. Equipment and service guarantees. For a long time to come, China's emphasis on cultivating and developing high-end equipment manufacturing as a strategic emerging industry is an inevitable choice for innovation-driven and intrinsic growth.

Smart is the general direction. What industries are considered high-end equipment manufacturing? Where is the focus of the next development? Summarizing the opinions of experts, the areas covered by high-end equipment manufacturing mainly include aviation equipment, satellites and their application industries, rail transportation equipment, marine engineering equipment, and intelligent manufacturing equipment. These industries have the characteristics of high technology, high added value, and strong use. They are the high-end part of the equipment manufacturing industry, and they are all new industries. However, traditional industries cannot be included. For example, a million kilowatt ultra-supercritical generator set, although also a high-end part of the manufacturing industry, is a traditional industry and therefore cannot be included in the key development areas of high-end equipment manufacturing.

In the fields of high-end equipment manufacturing, smart manufacturing equipment is still a relatively new concept and is also an area of ​​concern. The so-called smart manufacturing equipment is a manufacturing equipment that has the functions of sensing, analysis, reasoning, decision, and control. It is the integration and deep integration of advanced manufacturing technologies, information technologies, and intelligent technologies. The main contents of the development of intelligent manufacturing equipment include: Focus on the promotion of high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, automated complete production lines, intelligent control systems, precision and intelligent instrumentation and test equipment, key basic components, components and general parts, and intelligent special equipment. Development, automation, intelligence, precision, and greenness of the production process will be achieved, and the overall technological level of the industry will be promoted. For example, in the field of precision and intelligent instrumentation and test equipment, it is necessary to focus on the development needs of industries such as biology, energy saving and environmental protection, and petrochemicals, and focus on the development of intelligent pressure, flow, level, composition, materials, mechanical properties, and other precision instrumentation and science. Instrument and environment, safety and national defense special testing instruments. In the field of key basic components, components and general components, we must focus on the development of high-parameter, high-precision and high-reliability bearings, hydraulic/pneumatic/seal components, gear transmissions, and large-scale, precision, complex, and long-life molds.

In the field of smart special equipment, it is necessary to focus on the development of new-generation large-scale power and grid equipment, robotics, full-surface tunnelling machines, rapid integration of flexible construction equipment and other intelligent large-scale construction machinery, and large-scale advanced and efficient intelligent agricultural machinery.

In addition, large planes, regional aircraft, and general aircraft are also used as objects of application, and aircraft manufacturing, machine tool manufacturing, and material production companies are combined to focus on the development of composite material preparation equipment, automatic auxiliary/auxiliary wire equipment, component processing machine tools, and ultrasonics. Processing / high pressure water cutting equipment.

To avoid duplication of investment, of course, the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry also faces a lot of problems that need to be solved. Because equipment manufacturing industry has a large investment and a long cycle, it often requires systematic overall coordination. Therefore, each country often needs the promotion and support of the government in the development of major equipment industries. With the rise of high-end equipment manufacturing to the national strategic height, more supportive policies are expected to become a common voice in the industry. Some media disclosed that the main points of follow-up measures may include: increasing R & D before taxation, resolving the problem of inverting tariffs, encouraging the use of domestic first-set equipment and supporting funds in combination with national key projects, and promoting the introduction of equipment while introducing technology to accelerate Chinese companies' ability to digest and absorb.

Some experts pointed out that while encouraging the equipment industry to enter the high-end, we must also pay attention to avoid falling into the wrong zone. In the past, in the process of developing the equipment industry, some localities and companies relied excessively on the extensive investment in resources and funds, resulting in excess production capacity of general products, forming vicious competition in certain areas, disrupting market order, and severely impeding high-end Product development. Due to a large number of inputs, it also led to the convergence of regional structures, the blind pursuit of GDP and local fiscal growth, aggravated the phenomenon of repeated investment and overcapacity within the region, and even exacerbated resource wastage and environmental pollution. To this end, experts stressed that the development of high-end equipment industry must be precise and realistic.

In addition, experts believe that the development of high-end equipment industry must focus on cultivating industrial clusters. There are not many internationally competitive enterprise groups in the equipment manufacturing industry in China, and the industrial clusters surrounding large-scale backbone enterprises have not yet formed. The regions are homogeneous, and large-scale, small-scale and full-scale production methods still exist, which not only face serious horizontal competition, but also In the vertical direction, the industry chain is still not perfect, and the upstream and downstream enterprises cannot be effectively coordinated.