Research progress on flotation process technology of copper-containing polymetallic ore

In the copper ore-zinc polymetallic ore beneficiation production, copper-lead partially mixed float or copper-lead-zinc preferential flotation process is used, and the copper-lead-zinc full-mixing process is less applied. In recent years, mineral processing research has focused on the development and application of harmonious mineral processing and new mineral processing chemicals and combination pharmaceuticals.

At present, the research on the partial mixing process of lead and zinc mainly focuses on the development and application of new non-toxic combination inhibitors and high-efficiency selective collectors . A complex copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore in Xinjiang has fine grain size, low grade, high secondary copper, close symbiosis, and partial oxidation of copper, lead and zinc. Li Fulan et al. used zinc sulphate on the basis of the traditional copper-lead partial flotation process. Combined with T _{8 to} inhibit zinc minerals, new collector ester-12 flotation copper lead minerals, new inhibitor T _{81 to} inhibit lead minerals, closed circuit test copper concentrate containing 25.24% copper, copper recovery rate 56.61%; lead concentrate containing Lead is 59.82%, lead recovery rate is 80.62%; zinc concentrate contains 56.55% zinc, and zinc recovery rate is 77.99%. When Liu Yalong et al. used a traditional copper-lead partial flotation process to sort a copper-lead-zinc complex polymetallic ore in Liaoning, some mixed flotation was carried out with ethyl sulphide nitrogen and aniline black drug as collector, ZnSO ₄ +Na ₂ SO ₃ As an inhibitor, and control the pH value of the pulp is about 11.5, the combination of water glass, sodium sulfite and carboxymethyl cellulose is used to inhibit lead minerals, achieving efficient separation of copper, lead and zinc minerals.

With the development and application of new high-efficiency selective copper collectors, the copper-lead-zinc priority flotation process is gradually applied to industrial practice due to its high sorting index and easy operation. A copper-lead-zinc concentrator in Xinjiang, along with the extension of mining depth, the grade of lead and zinc ore has dropped sharply, and the grade of gold ore has increased. The original “partial mixed flotation process” can no longer meet the selection of low-lead-zinc high-gold grade ore. The recovery rate of copper, lead and gold is low. To this end, the “partially mixed flotation process” was transformed into “copper, lead and zinc sequential preferential flotation process”, and the high-efficiency copper-selective collector LP-01 was used in combination with the gold-collecting collector TJ-1 during copper flotation. The copper recovery rate increased from 76.73% to 83.27%, and the gold recovery rate increased from 66.73% to 75.28%. Aiming at the symbiotic relationship of a copper-lead-zinc- silver polymetallic sulfide ore in the northwest, and the fine grain size of copper-lead-zinc minerals, Zhang Yutian et al. used a highly selective copper collector YKL-11 and galena. Agent YK3-09, using the preferential flotation process, successfully achieved the separation of copper lead and zinc.

Small Iron Ores mountain except copper, lead, zinc, sulfur and other valuable elements, is also associated with a precious metal as gold, silver, the complex nature of the ore, close symbiosis, typically refractory metal complex Cu, Pb Ore. On-site production of the separation of copper and lead and zinc by the method of sulfite + sodium sulfide was carried out. Due to the complicated process, the concentration of SO _{2 in the} exhaust gas exceeded, the concentration of sulfurous acid was low, and the amount of addition was large, resulting in flotation concentration of separation operation. Too low to meet the separation process requirements. In 2014, the Northwest Institute of Mining and Metallurgy successfully applied the “liquid sulfur dioxide + sodium sulfide” process to replace the “sintered sulfurous acid + sodium sulfide” process in industrial trials, realizing the high efficiency of copper and lead-zinc minerals in the Xiaotieshan polymetallic ore. Selected, more than a year of industrial applications show that the new process stabilizes the production process and technical indicators, copper recovery rate increased by 4%, lead content in copper concentrate decreased by 2%, copper and lead and zinc separation agent costs reduced to 5.7 yuan / ton .

The floatable process is flotation under different process conditions according to the ease of floating of the useful minerals. Because of the easy control of the flotation separation conditions, it can avoid the “strong tensile strength” during the flotation process, greatly saving the dosage and reducing the copper. Difficulty in lead separation. In recent years, there have been many studies in this field, but there are few industrial applications. The inclusion of valuable components in a copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetallic sulfide ore in Tibet is complicated, the copper minerals have fine grain size, and the copper and lead minerals are similar in floatability. Wang Lipeng et al. used copper-lead and other floatable copper-lead re-separation-lead-zinc sequential flotation process. Copper concentrate obtained by small closed-circuit test contained 27.52% copper, copper recovery rate was 83.48%; lead concentrate contained lead 66.27%, containing 2113.238g/t of silver, lead recovery rate of 93.25%, silver recovery rate of 91.29%; zinc concentrate containing 46.11% zinc, zinc recovery rate of 78.21%.

China's copper-molybdenum ore is rich in resources and widely distributed, but the average grade is low, and it is difficult to sort. Copper-molybdenum ore flotation copper-molybdenum mixed flotation-copper-molybdenum separation process is the most mature, and the industrial application is also the most. Among them, the copper-molybdenum separation part mainly consists of copper-molybdenum concentrate re-grinding separation, copper-molybdenum coarse concentrate re-grinding and selecting a copper. Molybdenum separation, copper and molybdenum rental concentrate re-grinding and then selecting a mixed essence, dense dehydration, dehydration, pulping, copper and molybdenum separation. Copper Aluminum a chalcopyrite ore, molybdenite disseminated unevenness, difficult from the solution, for use Yuezi Long et al featured three times after "a copper-molybdenum flotation molybdenum steel mixing fine regrinding - Cu - Mo Separation of the beneficiation process and reasonable pharmaceutical system, the molybdenum concentrate contains 41.02% molybdenum, the molybdenum recovery rate is 62.41%, the copper concentrate contains 29.12% copper, and the copper recovery rate is 81.10%. A copper mine in Yunnan contains 1.03% copper and 0.066% molybdenum. Zeng Jinming et al. compared the influence of a grinding and medium re-grinding on the copper-molybdenum separation index, and determined the use of the medium-mine regrind process to obtain the copper concentrate. Copper is 28.43%, copper recovery rate is 90.10%; molybdenum concentrate grade is 48.66%, and recovery rate is 76.13%.

The development of a new type of high-efficiency and selective high-efficiency copper-molybdenum ore flotation collector and copper-molybdenum ore separation environmentally friendly inhibitor is a hot spot in the field of copper and molybdenum. The new copper-molybdenum separation inhibitor HXM developed by Guo Lingmin et al. is equivalent to the inhibition effect of sodium sulfide in the separation process of copper and molybdenum ore in the Zhaoxing copper mine. The obtained molybdenum concentrate has a molybdenum grade of 48.86% and a steel content of 1.64%. The process can effectively reduce the cost of the drug by 30%. Guo Haining developed a non-cyanide environmentally-friendly high-efficiency copper-molybdenum separation copper mineral inhibitor T17, which was used to obtain a good sorting index when sorting a low-grade copper-molybdenum ore in Xinjiang.

At present, there are many researches on the separation of copper-zinc sulfide ore at home and abroad, and some new research results have been obtained. However, for some copper-zinc sulfide ore with complex and difficult to choose, the existing mature beneficiation process is difficult to realize copper and zinc. Efficient separation. The main reasons for the difficulty in separating copper and zinc are: (1) the useful minerals are densely symbiotic with each other, the size of the inlay is fine, and fine grinding is required to make the minerals dissociate, but the fine grinding will cause excessive pulverization, which will deteriorate the flotation process. (2) Floatable interlaced overlap between sulfide minerals; (3) Sphalerite is easily activated by copper ions.

The copper-zinc sulfide ore processed by a concentrator in Guangxi has a fine grain size, some chalcopyrite and iron sphalerite are symbiotic, and the content of mineral poisoning sand and chlorite is high, which affects the flotation of major metal minerals. Large, copper and zinc have been difficult to separate. The study determined that the preferential flotation process using the stage grinding phase selection method, using lime + zinc sulfate + sodium sulfite to inhibit iron sphalerite, the new inhibitor y-As and lime combination successfully inhibited the arsenopyrite, thus solving the deterioration of the slime The selection and poisonous sand affect the quality of concentrate and the serious inclusion of concentrate. Compared with before the industrial test, the recovery rate of copper and zinc increased by 5.01% and 3.01%, respectively, and the zinc content of copper concentrate decreased by 4.15%. The arsenic grade in the mine is reduced by 0.72%.

According to the problem that the secondary copper content of a copper-zinc sulfide ore in Inner Mongolia is as high as 16.90%, the symbiotic relationship between some zinc and copper minerals is close, and the separation of copper and zinc is difficult. Zhu Yimin et al. used copper and zinc to float and mix concentrates and re-grind copper and zinc. Flotation separation and zinc flotation process, using CY as a regulator to eliminate the activation of copper and sulphur minerals by copper ions generated during the grinding process of secondary copper sulphide minerals in ore, achieving effective separation of copper and zinc, closed circuit The copper recovery of the copper concentrate obtained by the test is 81.50%, the zinc concentrate has an average zinc content of 44.38%, and the total zinc recovery rate is 82.57%.

The floatability of chalcopyrite and stibnite is very similar, and there is a certain difficulty in the separation of copper matte. At present, the research on the flotation separation of copper matte is mainly focused on the inorganic small molecule inhibitor of copper mineral and the combined process of metallurgy. Xiong Li et al. studied the effect of a novel small organic inhibitor SA-3 on the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite and stibnite pure minerals. It is believed that SA-3 has multiple functional groups, such as SH, OH, COOH, etc. And the yellow drug competes for adsorption on the mineral surface, a SH can be firmly adsorbed on the surface of the chalcopyrite, and a hydrophilic film is formed on the surface of the mineral by means of a COOH and an OH, thereby preventing the collector from adsorbing on the surface of the mineral, so that the brass The mine is inhibited. Ye Xuejun et al. used copper bismuth mixed flotation-copper bismuth separation flotation process and a new copper inhibitor XTL-3 to treat a copper bismuth polymetallic ore in Jiangxi, achieving high-efficiency cyanide-free separation of copper bismuth minerals, obtained by closed-circuit flotation test. Copper concentrate contains 27.51% copper, 0.14% bismuth, and copper recovery rate of 88.71%. The antimony concentrate contains 20.14% bismuth, copper content 2.13%, and strontium recovery rate 77.58%.

There are a large number of molybdenum-copper-bismuth sulfide ore in the Tongluokeng tungsten deposit in Ninghua, Fujian. The concentrating plant uses the molybdenum-copper ruthenium to preferentially sort the flocculation process. However, due to the complex nature of the sulphide ore, the chemical residue is serious. The final concentrates are seriously contained, the quality is poor, and the recovery rate is low. In order to improve the flotation separation index of the associated molybdenum-copper bismuth sulfide ore in the Wolengeng tungsten mine in Ninghua, the preferential smelting and smelting process of the molybdenum-copper-bismuth mixed float-copper bismuth Separation of strontium in high alkali and high calcium, using sodium sulfite as inhibitor, LP-01 as collector, molybdenum concentrate obtained 45.37% molybdenum, molybdenum recovery rate 90.46%, copper concentrate containing 23.01% copper, copper recovery The rate of 91.03%; compared with the original process, the recovery rate of copper and molybdenum increased by 8% and 4% respectively, and the recovery rate of antimony in antimony concentrate increased by 52%.

The traditional copper-nickel sulfide ore flotation process includes mixed flotation, preferential flotation, mixing-priority flotation, etc. In order to improve the selection index, in recent years, the ore dressing workers have developed a variety of new processes for the characteristics of ore around the country. Such as step-by-step flotation - flotation tailings strong magnetic separation, lime medium aeration process. The copper of the near-surface oxidized ore of a copper-nickel deposit is mainly composed of copper oxide and copper, and the associated metal nickel and cobalt are mainly produced in the form of laterite nickel ore. Tan Xin et al. adopt “step-flotation-flotation tail”. "Magnetic magnetic separation" process, comprehensive recovery of copper, nickel, cobalt and other valuable metals in ore, closed circuit test to obtain copper concentrate with copper content of 19.18%, copper recovery rate of 51.25%, strong magnetic separation of flotation tailings to obtain nickel 1.36%, nickel recovery rate of 65.74%, cobalt content of 0.13%, cobalt recovery rate of 66.70% of strong magnetic concentrate, strong magnetic concentrate can be recovered by metallurgical methods such as nickel, cobalt and other valuable metals. BA Kolev proposed a new process for separating steel and nickel from lime medium, and pointed out that the key to the process is to inflate the slurry with a solid concentration of 20% in the lime medium before flotation separation of the copper-nickel mixed concentrate. High-efficiency non-toxic separation of copper and nickel, which requires neither the use of cyanide nor the use of steam to heat the slurry. The results show that the copper grade and copper recovery of copper concentrate obtained by the new process are 18% and 87%, respectively, and the nickel grade and nickel recovery of nickel concentrate are 11.5% and 98%, respectively.

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