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Comprehensive control and countermeasures for shutting down mine geological environment
I. Introduction
Huangjing Mountain has many scenic spots such as Xisai Mountain, Moon Mountain and Feiyun Park, and its tourism resources are abundant. The ecological significance of the area is very important. It is not only an important part of the magnetic lake scenic tourist area, but also an important ecological barrier and back garden in the urban area of ​​Huangshi City. Its ecological environment directly affects the environmental quality of Huangshi City and the landscape garden city of Qingshan and Bishui. Construction and improvement of the ecological environment and sustainable development of the social economy.
Due to the mining of the mine, the natural landscape of the Huangjing Mountain Range has been seriously damaged, riddled with holes and eyes, and the air is heavily polluted; the noise is seriously exceeded; the water and soil are seriously lost; geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides occur frequently. . These have seriously threatened the safety of people's lives and property in urban areas and restricted the development of Huangshi City's landscape tourism city, so it must be managed. The Huangshi Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to the geological and environmental issues of the mines along the Huangjing Mountain Range, and make unified arrangements to formulate special plans to supervise and enforce the law. Twenty-three of the 26 quarries in the northern foot of Huangjing Mountain were closed at the end of 2003. However, there are still environmental problems and hidden dangers of geological disasters in the mines, and comprehensive geological environment management must be carried out.
  Second, shut down the current situation and environmental impact of the mining area
(1) The geological environment has been damaged
The quarry sites along the northern foot of Huangjing Mountain are multi-faceted, interwoven into pieces, the mining method is unreasonable, the mining process is simple, the quarry waste residue accumulates everywhere, and the destruction of the vegetation landscape exacerbates the soil erosion in the area. According to estimates, the area of ​​vegetation destruction in the city has reached 3km 2 , and the soil erosion is about 40kt. Some mud flows into the lake, which intensifies the pollution of the magnetic lake.
(2) Frequent geological disasters caused by mountain damage
Because the slope of the open pit is steep and the top rock is broken, the mining waste is generally piled up in the hillside or quarry mouth near the quarry, and the slope is generally 40°-50°. When the mining waste residue is piled up, no corresponding blocking measures and complete drainage measures are taken. Under the action of atmospheric rainfall runoff and subsurface flow at the bedrock surface, the rock fall of the quarry and the slag pile landslide occur frequently, especially There are different degrees of landslides in the flood season every year. The mudslides flow down the hillsides and block the flood drainage ditch in the city, which makes the mountain floods overflow. The flying stones produced by the open mountain gravestones seriously threaten the production and life safety of the local residents. For example, in 1998, the construction waste factory Hujiawan mining slag caused landslides and accompanied by mudslides, so that more than ten households were buried, and dozens of households were flooded indoors. Not only has the normal production and life of nearby factories and residents been seriously affected, but also caused direct economic losses of about 10 million yuan.
(3) Affecting urban landscape
Since the exposed slopes of the existing quarry ponds are mostly first-grade slopes, the slope height is generally 70-90 m, the highest is 110 m, and the slope angle is generally > 65°. The Huangjing Mountain Range has been fragmented and broken, which has greatly damaged the original natural landscape with dense vegetation and pleasant scenery, which has seriously affected the urban spatial landscape and overall image.
  Third, shut down the mine planning objectives and comprehensive management
(1) Beautifying the mountain landscape. Through the use of advanced technology to carry out vertical greening and restoration of ecology on the face of the quarrying pond, it is expected to recreate the natural landscape of the green hills of Mount Huangjing.
(2) Preventing geological disasters and improving the geological environment. Through the measures such as clearing pumice , setting retaining wall and spraying anchor support on the slope of the quarrying pond, the slope delineation and soil and water conservation are achieved to prevent the occurrence of geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides.
(3) Optimizing the quality of the atmospheric environment and reducing noise pollution. Through the shutdown of the quarry pond, the dustfall, total suspended particulates and noise in the area are controlled within the national standards, and the citizens are also a clean and quiet living environment.
(4) Promote the development of surrounding land and achieve coordinated development of the social economy and the environment. Through the comprehensive management of the quarry, the value of the land along the line will be enhanced and the stock of land will be revitalized.
  Fourth, shut down the comprehensive management of geological environment in mining areas
(1) Eliminating geological hazards to ensure the stability of the mountain
According to the survey data, most of the quarry ponds to be treated are high-steep slopes. The mining forms are different. Some of the Tangkou mountains are partially unstable after the destruction of the slopes. There are different degrees of landslides and falling rocks, so it should be Vertical landscaping and land use can be carried out after the slope repair and consolidation in Tangkou: 1. Take off the pumice and set up drainage ditch for the quarry pond with stable geological structure; 2. The mining slope is steep and the geological structure is not too good. The stable quarry pond mouth adopts spray anchor support, slope lining, and drainage ditch to ensure the stability of the mountain; 3. Establish regular monitoring and warning mechanisms organized by the Bureau of Land and Resources, the Geological Environment Monitoring Office and the local neighborhood committee.
(2) Afforestation and beautification of mountains to achieve ecological restoration
1. Take measures such as pumice stripping on the face of Tangkou, cleaning and leveling the waste residue and setting up drainage ditch, and restore greening along the line. Thicker plants can grow taller plants;
2. Rocks with ornamental value at the bare rock can be painted, engraved or painted, and retained for use;
3. Planting green plants after backfilling at other places;
4. Vertical greening of high and steep rock slopes in quarry is the key and difficult point of comprehensive treatment. After consulting with various materials and consulting experts, the greening scheme of Tangkou is planned to cover the bottom and top. Technology (that is, the bottom of the pond mouth is planted with climbing plants to cover part of the slope, and the top of the pond is planted with vines to hang down to cover part of the slope); the middle part adopts various advanced vertical greening techniques or transforms the slope into climbing wall according to local conditions. Other methods such as Cliff Stone Carving are mainly repaired (hanging, climbing, and intermediate). The periphery is planted along the planning section of the quarry at the foot of the mountain. The trees are mainly arbor, and the greenbelt is 2~30m wide. The recommended species are hedgehogs. Wait.
(III) Functional shutdown and development and utilization of mine land
According to the "Xishisaishan Zoning Plan of Huangshi City", "Huangshi Economic and Technological Development Zone Planning", "Huangshi City Landing Zoning Plan" and other related planning and technology, determine the quarry between the north of Huangjing Mountain and the road along the lake. The land use function is positioned as residence, storage land and ecological forest land, and is developed and utilized. The purpose is to: 1. Make full use of the natural landscape elements of Huangshi to achieve the goal of “landscape garden cityâ€, through ecological restoration and rational functional layout. It will fully display the unique landscape concept of “backing by mountains and lakes†along the northern foot of Huangjing Mountain, reshaping the new image of Huangshi Mountain Water Garden City; 2. Comprehensive management of quarry along the north of Huangjing Mountain and construction of Lijiafang Tunnel and Yanhu Road For the purpose of integrating land resources, through rational land replacement, optimize the industrial layout structure, improve land use efficiency, and improve the living environment of residents.
(4) Formulation of land development and utilization policies
In order to speed up the successful completion of the comprehensive treatment of the quarry along the northern foot of Huangjing Mountain and to promote the appreciation of the land abandoned due to the closure of the quarry, it is recommended that: 1. The city land reserve center will first develop and utilize 70hm 2 along the quarry. After the land is used for land storage and the land is sorted by the municipal land consolidation center, the land use right auction can be carried out according to the nature of the land and detailed planning determined by the urban planning when the time is ripe. At the time of the auction, the government can formulate certain preferential policies, such as reducing and exempting some land transfer fees and city supporting fees, and encouraging and attracting developers to bid. The funds obtained through land auctions are used to make up for the investment in ecological restoration funds at the quarry pond. 2. Since most of the quarry pond land cannot be directly exploited and utilized, it is recommended to adopt a “bundled†land development policy to Tangkou. Land use and surrounding land are bundled to implement the overall development operation. Some planning control opinions are proposed for each quarry and surrounding land. However, because each quarry and surrounding land use situation is more complicated, the land use planning control of the comprehensive treatment plan is only used as technical guidance, and the land should enter the actual development and operation stage. Deepen the plan or detailed blueprint under the guidance of the plan.
(5) Retaining the ecological protection requirements of the mine
The Huaxin limestone mine in the three remaining quarries is the largest open pond mouth. The annual quarry volume accounts for 63% of the total amount of stone resources development, and it is also in the magnetic lake scenic area, which has a significant impact on the environmental quality. Therefore, in addition to meeting the ecological protection requirements, the mine must also make further requirements for environmental protection. After the conditions are ripe, move it out of the urban area. Other quarrying mines must also move out of the urban area within a certain period of time, and in line with the policy of “who mines and who governsâ€, after the above mines are shut down and moved out, the mining unit should bear the responsibility for all ecological restoration. Responsible for supervision.
1. Re-approve the red line chart of the mine to confirm the scope and depth. Mines that lack the planned red line should be re-submitted as soon as possible according to the procedures. The area of ​​the mining area that was originally issued with the license to verify the mining area according to the original planned red line shall not exceed the demarcated red line map to prevent the occurrence of illegal mining.
2. Determine the direction and scale of mining according to the requirements of ecological protection. The mining direction and scale shall be determined strictly according to the original technical plan. For the mined areas, the mining shall be resumed while mining, and the waste rock piles shall be timely integrated measures such as reinforcement, clearing, and drainage ditch to reduce soil erosion.
3. Blasting must be declared. Since the mines are kept in the urban area, the noise and vibration generated during the blasting have a great impact on the urban living environment. Therefore, a declaration system must be adopted and managed in accordance with the spirit of the State Environmental Protection Administration Circular [2001] No. 159; especially for the single The blasting with a hole charge of more than 300g should be limited in frequency, and should not exceed 40 holes at a time. In case of special circumstances, the discharge declaration should be carried out, and the millisecond differential blasting method is required, and it is carried out within the specified time period.
(6) Development and Environmental Protection of Stone Resources in Huangjing Mountain
1. Development and protection combined. Any protection measures cannot be separated from the actual situation of local economic construction. It should focus on protection, not only protect the existing natural resources to the greatest extent, but also adapt to the needs of urban development and construction, and use rich mineral resources to create distinctive features. The ecological landscape and vibrant urban economy are an active and pragmatic protection attitude.
2. Progressive development and protection. In view of the scale of stone mining in the existing quarry in Huangjing Mountain and the degree of impact on the environment, it is difficult to restore the scale of the new stone resources to the pre-treatment scale in a short period of time, according to the planning period and the impact on urban life, There are mines for classification, and the requirements for the construction speed and mining method of new mines are required to avoid new damage caused by development, so as to ensure that the mines currently closed are completely closed, and can meet the demand for stone materials in urban construction. With this gradual measure, the comprehensive management of the closed mines and the mining progress of the newly opened mines can be carried out in an orderly manner.
3. Scale mining and environmental protection access. The newly-developed mines should meet the requirements of 300 kt of annual mining scale according to the plan, and the centralized mining mode should be realized to form a scale effect. And should adopt advanced and safe mining access standards, absorb high-tech and promote new technology, so as to avoid the destruction of landscapes caused by chaotic mining, reduce mining costs, improve efficiency, and enhance comprehensive prevention and control of mines. The ability to risk.
(7) Establish and improve the implementation rules and regulations
Establish geological environmental protection laws and regulations, so that the development of stone resources in the implementation process has rules to follow, evidence-based. It is suggested that in the near-term planning time limit, the government will set out special management funds in the annual financial plan, and arrange comprehensive management measures in batches and in stages. At the same time, each Tangkou governance unit should broaden its thinking and raise funds from various sources. The unit self-raise a little and other methods; and follow the principle of “who pollutes, who governsâ€, “who governs, who benefitsâ€, formulates certain preferential policies, and auctions land development rights together with Tangkou governance, and allocates some funds. It is used for the management of Laotangkou. At the same time, for the mining mines, policies such as the environmental restoration and reserve fund system in the mining areas should be established in advance, and the social resources should be mobilized to ensure the smooth management.