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2014 China's machine tool industry development of high-end
It is expected that in the first half of 2014, due to the steady improvement of the economic situation this year and the slight increase in orders, exports will maintain relatively high growth. With the gradual slow recovery of the world economy, the United States as an engine of the world economy has gradually reduced and withdrawn from quantitative easing, leaving many uncertainties in the world economy. Comprehensive consideration, in 2014, China's machine tool exports are expected to increase by 13% to 15%.
Machine Tool Trade Deficit Reduction In 2013, China's machine tool product export growth rate was higher than the country's overall export growth; machine tool imports were negative, and the rate of decline was obvious, and the trade deficit was significantly reduced.
In 2013, under the background of the general economic downturn in the world, China's foreign trade in machine tool products maintained a relatively stable growth. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, the export value of China's machine tool products in 2013 was 4.379 billion US dollars, an increase of 12.56% over the previous year, which was higher than the year-on-year increase of 7.6% of total exports. In 2013, the total import value of China's machine tool products was US$11.02 billion, an increase of -23.62% over the previous year.
In 2013, the import and export trade deficit of China's machine tool products was 6.623 billion US dollars, which was 4.18 billion US dollars lower than the 2012 import and export trade deficit of 10.809 billion US dollars, a decrease of 38.73%.
Machine tool exports increased in 2013, China's machine tool exports amounted to 4.378 billion US dollars, an increase of 12.56%; the number of exports was 16.6535 million units, an increase of 5.05%; the average export price of 262.93 US dollars / Taiwan, an increase of 7.15%.
Except for the large increase in export value and quantity in February, the export growth in other months of the first half of the year was lower than the annual growth rate. The growth rate of exports in the second half of the year is relatively stable, and there is a monthly upward trend, which seems to reflect to some extent some signs of recovery in the world economy.
Metal processing machine tool exports grew faster Metal processing machine tools are the main part of China's machine tool exports, and export growth is relatively fast. In 2013, the export value of metal processing machine tools was 2.861 billion US dollars, accounting for 65.34% of all machine tool exports, which was slightly lower than 70% in 2012. The export value of metal processing machine tools increased by 5.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was lower than the growth of all machine tool exports by 12.56. % increase. The export value of processing centers increased by 15.9% year-on-year.
It is worth noting that China's machine tool exports to Asia accounted for nearly half of the trend, up 21.75% over the same period of the previous year, and the growth rate is close to twice the average. In particular, the ASEAN market in Asia increased by 51.86% year-on-year, and the growth rate was more than four times the average. Among them, exports to Vietnam reached 350 million US dollars, accounting for 8%, an increase of 217.69%.
The United States, Vietnam, Germany, Russia, and India are the main markets for China's machine tool exports, and the United States remains the largest market for Chinese machine tool exports.
From the perspective of trade methods, general trade exports are still the main force of machine tool exports, with an export value of 3.541 billion US dollars, accounting for 80.87% of the total export value, an increase of 8.79%; the export volume is 14,194,454 units, accounting for 85.23%, an increase of 4.29%.
The number of imported machine tools decreased. In 2013, China imported about 11 billion US dollars of machine tools, down 23.62% year-on-year; the import volume was 102,532 units, down 33.34% year-on-year; the average price of imported machine tools was 107,304.22 dollars, up 14.57% year-on-year. The situation is in sharp contrast to the situation of the volume increase and decline in 2012.
The market needs medium and high-end machine tools. The vast majority of imported machine tools in China are metal processing machine tools, and their imports account for 91.82% of all imported machine tools. From the import structure of China's metal processing machine tools in 2013, the number and amount of machine tools imported can be seen. Both fell by 30.54% and 24.27%, but the unit price increased by 9.03%. Among them, although the import quantity and amount of the processing center decreased by 58.34% and 40.14% respectively, the unit price rose sharply by 43.69%. This reflects China. The market demand structure is constantly optimized, and the demand for medium and high-end machine tool products is increasing. On the other hand, it can be seen that the high-end machine tool products produced in China are not effective in terms of product quality, technical indicators, technology level, and user services. satisfy customer needs. In this regard, China's machine tool manufacturers are introducing and learning from international advanced and core machine tool design, manufacturing concepts and technologies, enhancing independent research and development capabilities, improving the service level and competitiveness of their own products, and striving to meet the growing domestic and international customers. demand.
China's woodworking machine tools (non-metal processing machine tools) have a relatively high level of manufacturing, so the number of imports is relatively small.
Although the amount and quantity of machine tools imported from Africa and Mexico are relatively small, the increase is relatively large. From the perspective of market and country, the structure of China's machine tool import market is still mainly based on Asia and Europe. The import value of machine tools in these two continents is 10.372 billion US dollars, accounting for 94.28% of the total. The country with large import volume of machine tools is still Germany, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, which have mastered core technologies, have imports of 4.208 billion US dollars, accounting for 74.60% of all imports.
The pattern of import trade is relatively stable. From the perspective of trade methods, imports are still dominated by general trade. Imports accounted for 70.97% of the total amount and quantity of imports, but the unit price of imports increased by 16%.
The main provinces and cities importing machine tools are still Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai. Its import value was 4.384 billion US dollars, accounting for 39.85% of total machine tool imports, slightly lower than 44% in 2012.
The technological innovation of machine tool products continued to increase the investment in the machine tool industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. The Ministry of Commerce formulated the “12th Five-Year Development Plan for the Import and Export of Electromechanical and High-tech Productsâ€, which clarified the development goals and promoted the electromechanical products. Export; at the same time, the "Guidelines for the International Certification of Exported Mechanical and Electrical Products" was improved, effectively reducing the impact of foreign technical trade measures on the export of China's mechanical and electrical products; and successively introduced a series of policies and measures to promote the steady growth of foreign trade and optimize the structure of foreign trade, including speeding up export tax rebates. The progress, improvement of trade financing services, expansion of export credit insurance (safety insurance coverage), improvement of trade facilitation level, reduction of import and export link fees and import discount interest, etc., ensured the steady growth of machine tool import and export.
In 2012, demand for high-end products and professional machine tools was strong, and demand for ordinary machine tools declined. Under the dual promotion of national policies and the upgrading of market demand structure, the technical innovation of the whole industry has increased and the product structure has been significantly optimized. This is one of the reasons why the export growth rate in 2013 is relatively fast. “The industry as a whole is still in the downside and has not stabilized. In the first 10 months of 2013, the main operating data of the machine tool industry, such as production and sales, new orders, etc., all accumulated negative growth, but the decline was slower than the same period of the previous year.†From China Chen Huiren, executive vice president of the Machine Tool Industry Association, said when talking about the status quo of the industry.
Demand structure continues to escalate When it comes to market changes, Chen Huiren cited several import and export data.
In the first three quarters of this year, the import volume of machine tool products decreased by 25%, while the average price of imported machine tools increased by 24%, reflecting the upgrading of domestic machine tool market demand.
This conclusion can also be drawn from the analysis of the origin of imported products. Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are the main sources of China's machine tool imports. The products in these regions account for more than 95% of China's total machine tool imports. Since 2013, the performance of products in different regions has begun to differentiate in the Chinese market. Among them, the European and American departments represented by Germany and Italy are the most glamorous, achieving a contrarian growth, reaching 10%; Japan's decline is the most dramatic, reaching more than half; while South Korea and Taiwan are down 20%.
Most of Europe and the United States export to China are high-end products, while Taiwan, China and South Korea are competitive in the low-end market. As the two rise and fall, we can see the changes in market demand.
If we go further and analyze it from domestic import areas, this view will be further supported. The top three domestic machine tool imports are Jiangsu, Shanghai and Guangdong. In the first three quarters of this year, Jiangsu Province's machine tool imports fell by 20%, Guangdong Province fell by 30%, while Shanghai increased by 4%.
The manufacturing industries in these three regions have their own characteristics. Among them, Shanghai's high-end manufacturing industry is the most developed, and the demand for machine tools is relatively strong. The high-end manufacturing needs naturally high-end machine tools.
These data show that the domestic machine tool market demand has undergone significant changes, the total demand has declined, and the demand structure has been upgraded.
The market competition is more intense. The machine association's key contact enterprise data and some enterprises' research shows that in the first three quarters, especially from January to August, the machine tool industry was in a low-level operation state; the overall market scale shrank, the industry structure and product structure and industry The contradiction of market demand has not been effectively alleviated; the profit of the company has continued to decline in the first three quarters, and the market competition has become increasingly fierce. Under the situation of insufficient recovery of the world economy, the downward trend of export growth has not improved significantly. At the same time, the long-term growth of imports has also fallen sharply. This further confirms the overall shrinking market size.
Chen Huiren said that in the context of a continuous decline in the market, the pace of industrial transformation and upgrading has accelerated, which is the result of the downward force mechanism. In the face of market dilemmas, from the passive coping stage to the active compliance stage, a small number of enterprises have begun to actively grasp the market.
The performance of companies can be roughly divided into four categories. First, it has risen against the trend, accounting for 20% to 30%. A common feature of these companies is that they have characteristics. Although they have their own tactics, they can all be different. Second, strengthen management. Increase the intensity of market development, this is the choice of most enterprises, the path of enterprise development has not changed, but in the predicament, we chose the "hard work", from the perspective of quality and cost; third, structural adjustment, some The company has carried out a deep structural adjustment, focusing on long-term development and fundamentally transforming; fourth, a small number of enterprises are still waiting to see and complain, and are overwhelmed by market changes.
The outstanding problems facing the industry at present are: serious shortage of orders and serious competition for homogenization. In 2012, machine tool manufacturers still had some orders for the previous year, but in the context of continued decline in new orders, companies are holding fewer and fewer orders.
The reduction in orders further exacerbated market competition. In some markets with low technology thresholds, product homogeneity is very serious, such as three-axis vertical machining centers and two-axis CNC lathes. The advantage of local companies lies in price and service. Nowadays, the market continues to decline and can only "shopping" prices.
In this regard, Chen Huiren said that vicious and irrational competition will harm the interests of the whole industry. The association will organize industry self-discipline activities and oppose price wars.
Some machine tool companies in China are not only limited to selling products, but also dare to extend to the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and begin to “sell servicesâ€. This “selling service†approach not only makes the products closer to the end users, but also improves the ability to respond quickly to the market. It also wins credibility and reputation for machine tool companies, and will also win more customers and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese companies. .
In recent years, China's machine tool industry is gradually forming a cluster and regionalization. In Jiangsu, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other regions, the upstream and downstream industrial chain of machine tools has been formed, which is conducive to industry optimization and industrial division of labor, and promotes the development of the machine tool industry.
In 2014, the export of machine tool products is expected to grow. At present, the development of China's machine tool industry is still continually trying to solve the problem of large but not strong mainframes, lagging development of numerical control systems and functional components, large gaps in key technologies of high-end CNC machine tools, low product quality stability, and overall industry. Problems such as poor economic performance have raised the core competitiveness, independent innovation, quantitative integration, brand building and quality service to a strategic level. Through 10 to 15 years, we will strive to achieve a series of medium and long-term goals, such as the transformation of machine tool manufacturing countries into machine tool giants, and the realization of domestically-precision CNC machine tools occupying a dominant position in the domestic market.
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