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The annual Arctic Front Forum, the world's largest Arctic Forum, opened on January 21st in the northern Norwegian city of Tromso. More than 1,000 delegates from 26 countries, including eight members of the Arctic Council, will conduct a five-day seminar on the theme of “changing geopolitics and marine resources in the Arcticâ€. Participants said that a warming Arctic brings a lot of opportunities, but how to develop resources and other economic activities under the premise of protecting the Arctic environment is a common problem faced by Arctic countries and non-Arctic countries.
The Arctic ice sheet is accelerating the melting of Tromso in the Arctic Circle, known as the "North Gate", an important base for Norwegian research on the Arctic issue and an important fishing port within the Arctic Circle. The “Arctic Frontier†is an international forum dedicated to the study of Arctic affairs with the support of the Norwegian government. Since its inception in 2006, annual conferences have been held around an Arctic issue. "The Arctic Frontier" management committee chairman Sheriff Daller said that the 2013 annual meeting will be based on sufficient scientific research to study the climate and ecological changes in the Arctic region and find a positive response.
On the morning of the 21st, the latest Arctic Climate Change Monitoring Report released by the Arctic Monitoring and Evaluation Working Group of the Arctic Council pointed out that in recent years, the decline of Arctic sea ice and the accelerated melting of ice sheets have exceeded the imagination, which fundamentally changed the ecology of the Arctic region. Environment and global climate.
According to the monitoring report, the area of ​​the Arctic ice sheet was reduced to 3.37 million square kilometers in mid-September 2012. This is the minimum since 1973, when humans began to accurately record the area of ​​the Arctic ice sheet. According to the data, the average area of ​​the Arctic summer ice cover from 1979 to 2000 was 7.5 million square kilometers; in the past 30 years, the area of ​​the Arctic ice sheet has shrunk by nearly half. In the next 30 to 40 years, the Arctic Ocean is likely to have no ice in summer.
Climate change brings new opportunities However, as Norwegian Foreign Minister Espen Eide said at the opening ceremony, climate change has also brought new opportunities for economic growth. With the increase in the exploitation of energy and mineral resources in the Arctic Circle, the increase in the volume of Arctic waterways and the increase in fishing in the Arctic, it will surely bring new changes to the international political structure and security landscape. Experts estimate that unexplored natural gas reserves and unexploited oil reserves in the Arctic Circle account for 30% and 13% of the world's total, respectively. Arctic Council members, including Norway, the United States and Russia, are promoting energy mining in the Arctic. . Countries outside the Arctic have a growing interest in developing Arctic resources. It is reported that the Indian oil and gas company is planning to negotiate with the Russian oil company to seek access to oil and gas blocks in the Russian Arctic. In addition, the melting of sea ice provides new opportunities for Arctic shipping. Countries such as Canada and Russia are stepping up research on polar shipping technology to prepare for the annual passage of the Arctic route in the future.
The Sami Speaker of the Sami Conference, Igor Uri, called at the meeting that the warming of the Arctic increased economic activity and increased the possibility of pollution. The Sami people living in the Arctic are more likely to feel the effects of climate change than those in other parts of the world. They hope that countries will take into account the interests of local residents while formulating economic policies.
The Arctic Governance Moves toward Institutionalization This "Arctic Frontier" meeting put forward the concept of "pan-Arctic", pointing out that the Arctic changes are not only the affairs of the Arctic countries, but also the countries inside and outside the Arctic Circle should be prepared to deal with the emergence of a "new Arctic". A global perspective on and addressing the problems and challenges facing the Arctic and establishing a good dialogue mechanism between politics, economy and ecology. The Arctic Council should welcome more countries to become observers. Ed told the media that Norway supports eligible countries including China to become permanent observers of the Arctic Council.
The celebration of the establishment of the permanent secretariat of the Arctic Council was held at the Arctic Research Center in Tromsø on the afternoon of the 21st. The establishment of the Secretariat ended the establishment of the interim secretariat of the Arctic Council by the rotating presidency, marking the permanent establishment of the Arctic Council, and the Arctic Governance moved towards institutionalization and formalization.
The Arctic Council, established in 1996, has achieved cooperation in the region to a certain extent by eight Arctic countries including the United States and Russia, but it has flown to the Arctic Forum because of its lack of legal binding on member states. Ed said that with the efforts of the member states, the Arctic Council is transforming into institutionalization and formalization, and the establishment of the permanent secretariat is an important symbol.