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From the day the car was born, lighting is an important issue for driving safety. From the earliest incandescent light, halogen light to xenon light, to the LED lights that are currently becoming the new darling of the market, the development of the automotive light industry has been going on for more than 100 years.
Nowadays, the lights need not only meet lighting needs. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2015, automotive lighting needs to achieve the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, new waves of security and intelligence have also rushed in, all of which have provided a new vane for the development of the automotive market.
A tripartite market structure
Overview of the market, the current car market has basically formed a halogen lamp, xenon lamp (HID), LED lights, the three dominant pattern.
The halogen lamp used for headlights in the 1960s has been in use for more than half a century, and its long-term application to the automobile has its reason for survival. Its greatest advantage is that it has formed a market economy of scale, which makes its Manufacturing costs are cheaper, which is one of the main reasons why it can still exist in the market. The disadvantages of the halogen lamp are self-evident: the light output is inefficient and the irradiation distance is short.
Xenon headlights (HIDs, or high-intensity discharge lamps) were applied to automobiles in the early 1990s. Its advantage is that the light emitted by the Xenon headlamps is twice that of halogen lamps, and the electrical energy is converted into electricity. The efficiency of light energy is 80% higher than that of halogen lamps, but its energy consumption is only 2/3 of that of halogen lamps, and its service life is up to 10 times. In addition, the xenon headlamps can provide better visual conditions in view of the almost identical light color emitted by the xenon headlamps and that of daylight. Therefore, at present, xenon lamps still occupy a dominant position in the automotive lighting market.
In recent years, there has been a new darling in the car light market - LED light source technology. LED (English name is LightEmittingDiode), that is light emitting diode, which is a kind of semiconductor electronic component that can emit light, and LED car light is characterized by its high brightness, rich color variety, low power consumption, small size, long life, etc. In recent years, it has been widely used in the automotive field. As a representative of a new generation of energy-saving and environmental protection, LED has begun to have the momentum to replace the xenon lamp. According to the data, the efficacy of LED light output has absolute advantages over xenon and halogen lamps. The efficacy of a 1000-watt halogen lamp is approximately the same as that of a 200-watt LED lamp. Its service life is up to 30,000 hours, which is 10 times that of xenon lamps. Recently, LED lights such as Osram, Hella, Philips and other suppliers are also increasing the research and development of LED technology. It can be said that LED is becoming a new blue ocean in the automotive market.
The popularity of LED headlights can be faced with many constraints
Before 2010, the average growth rate of domestic LED auto lighting market was 13%, and in recent years, the growth rate of LED auto lamp market was as high as 40%. It is predicted that this year, the LED lighting market will take off significantly, and the scale of China's LED industry may reach 500 billion. As a result, the promotion of LED automotive lamps has become a publicly-viewed big cake, and its future prospects are very promising.
Needless to say, LED is favored for its many advantages such as environmental protection, energy saving, and rich colors. The fact is also true that LED lights have been widely used as auxiliary lights for automobiles. In many places such as turn signals and fog lamps, LEDs have replaced other types of light sources. However, there is no explosive growth in LED lights, but the cost is undoubtedly a major cause: the OEM is considering the cost of LED lights as high as two to three times that of conventional lights. The lamp supplier considers the high investment in technology research and development in the previous period, which is especially true for some independent brand car manufacturers and traditional lamp supplier.
In addition to costs, according to industry insiders, the complexity of LED systems is also a challenge that has prevented this technology from entering a mature stage: reliable systems, effective thermal management, compact optical design, and extremely complex drives. Technical barriers have yet to be further broken.
Therefore, in terms of the domestic market, it takes a long transition period for LED to fully replace the traditional lamps. Currently, LED headlights on the market are also concentrated on a few high-end models (represented by Audi). Among them, high-side brake lights and side turn lights use more LED light sources, and headlight lighting has not formed a mature industrial model due to problems such as lighting distance and brightness.
Although the cost, technical and regulatory issues of LED light sources have not yet been eliminated, it is believed that as the cost of LED will continue to decrease and the technology will increase in the future, LED will be more widely used in the automotive field.
Smart headlight technology or will lead the industry transformation
From the field of automotive lighting, the development of the automotive industry is changing with each passing day, and its direction of development is increasingly becoming more intelligent and green. Laser headlights, intelligent LED headlamps, matrix LED headlights, light source technology ... ... more and more new technologies are coming into being, a new revolution in the automotive lighting industry is about to start.
It is understood that the smart headlights on the market today are dominated by German models, such as Mercedes-Benz's new-generation S-class smart LED headlights with active steering lighting, turning assisted lighting, rural roads, highways and dense fog modes. , The unique shading function can erase the illumination and disguise of vehicles facing or driving in the same direction. Each headlamp assembly contains up to 56 LEDs, which can be individually turned on, off, or adjust the brightness; BMW i8 laser large The illumination of the lamp lighting system can already reach 170 lumens per watt. Its length is only 10 microns and the illumination distance is twice that of the conventional LED. Compared with LED technology, the biggest improvement of laser technology lies in its integration. It has only one percent of the LED's volume, but it has 1000 times of its brightness. Therefore, the laser headlamp has been considered as a "reasonable next step" after the LED headlamps, and its future development has also been unanimously viewed by the industry; as Audi, known as the "lamp factory," its headlamp technology in the car The skill is obvious to all. At present, Audi uses a matrix LED head light source technology on its modified A8/S8. It is understood that this technology consists of 25 LEDs, each of which can be individually automated. Turn the action on or off. It is worth mentioning that the A8/S8's matrix LED headlights also incorporate a satellite navigation system. Before the driver starts to turn the steering wheel and the vehicle enters a bend, the matrix LED headlights will adjust the light source irradiation angle in advance, bringing the driver an angle of light. A safer and more relaxed driving experience.
It can be seen that from the point of view of the development of automotive lighting technology at this stage, LED and laser technologies are gradually reaching the stage where lamps and lanterns are widely used. The application of these two also makes lamps not only more energy-efficient, higher brightness, and farther away from the lighting. It is also more avant-garde in shape. In the next stage, the combination of the light group and the electronic system will surely be the trend of the times. It can be foreseen that the technical war of a smart headlight is coming!