The classification of dangerous goods (1)

The transport of dangerous goods is a kind of special transportation, which refers to the transportation of special vehicles by special organizations or technical personnel. Generally only after the relevant national functional departments have been rigorously audited and the corresponding facilities and equipment that can ensure the safe transportation of dangerous goods have been qualified for the transport of dangerous goods. This topic specifically describes in detail the types of dangerous goods and transportation considerations for readers.

Category 1 Explosives

This type of cargo refers to articles that can undergo violent chemical reactions, generate large amounts of gas and heat instantaneously under external influences (such as heat, impact, etc.), cause the surrounding pressure to rise rapidly, cause explosions, and cause damage to the surrounding environment. Including pyrotechnic articles that do not have an overall explosion hazard, but have a burning or projectile and a small explosion hazard, or produce only one or more of heat, light, sound, or smoke.

This category of goods is divided into five categories according to the risk.

1.1 Substances and articles with an overall explosion hazard [eg nitroglycerin]

1.2 Substances and articles that have a projectile hazard but do not have an overall explosion hazard

Category 1 Explosives

This type of cargo refers to articles that can undergo violent chemical reactions, generate large amounts of gas and heat instantaneously under external influences (such as heat, impact, etc.), cause the surrounding pressure to rise rapidly, cause explosions, and cause damage to the surrounding environment. Including pyrotechnic articles that do not have an overall explosion hazard, but have a burning or projectile and a small explosion hazard, or produce only one or more of heat, light, sound, or smoke.

This category of goods is divided into five categories according to the risk.

1.1 Substances and articles with an overall explosion hazard [eg nitroglycerin]

1.2 Substances and articles that have a projectile hazard but do not have an overall explosion hazard

1.3 Substances and articles that have a burning hazard and a small explosion or a small projectile, or both, but do not have an overall explosion hazard

1.4 Explosive substances and articles without major hazards

The dangerousness of this cargo is relatively small. If it is ignited or ignited, most of its dangerous effects are limited to the inside of the package, and there is no major danger to the outside of the package.

1.5 Very insensitive explosive substances [eg: ammonium nitrate]

This cargo is relatively stable in nature and will not explode in a fire test.

Class 2 compressed gas and liquefied gas

This category of cargo refers to compressed, liquefied or pressurized dissolved gases and should meet one of the following two conditions:

When the critical temperature is lower than 50°C, or at 50°C, the vapor pressure is greater than 291 kPa of compressed or liquefied gas. At a temperature of 21.1°C, the absolute pressure of the gas is greater than 275 kPa, or the absolute pressure of the gas at 51.4°C is greater than the compressed gas at 715 kPa; or at 37.8°C, the Reid vapor pressure is greater than 274 kPa of liquefied gas or dissolved dissolved gas.

This category of goods is divided into three categories:

2.1 Flammable gases [eg: methane, acetylene]

2.2 Non-flammable gas

This category of cargo refers to compressed, liquefied or pressurized dissolved gases and should meet one of the following two conditions:

When the critical temperature is lower than 50°C, or at 50°C, the vapor pressure is greater than 291 kPa of compressed or liquefied gas. At a temperature of 21.1°C, the absolute pressure of the gas is greater than 275 kPa, or the absolute pressure of the gas at 51.4°C is greater than the compressed gas at 715 kPa; or at 37.8°C, the Reid vapor pressure is greater than 274 kPa of liquefied gas or dissolved dissolved gas.

This category of goods is divided into three categories:

2.1 Flammable gases [eg: methane, acetylene]

2.2 Non-flammable gas

This item refers to non-toxic, non-combustible gas, including combustion gas. [such as: oxygen, nitrogen dioxide]

2.3 Toxic gases

The toxicity index of this item is the same as the Category 6 toxicity index. [eg: hydrogen sulfide, chlorine gas]

This category of cargo refers to compressed, liquefied or pressurised dissolved gases and should meet one of the following two conditions: the critical temperature is lower than 50 °C, or at 50 °C, its vapor pressure is greater than 291kPa compression or liquefaction gas. At a temperature of 21.1°C, the absolute pressure of the gas is greater than 275 kPa, or the absolute pressure of the gas at 51.4°C is greater than the compressed gas at 715 kPa; or at 37.8°C, the Reid vapor pressure is greater than 274 kPa of liquefied gas or dissolved dissolved gas.

Class 3 flammable liquid

This category of cargo refers to flammable liquids, liquid mixtures or liquids containing solids, but does not include liquids classified as hazardous due to their hazardous properties. The closed cup test flash point is equal to or lower than 61 °C, but different modes of transport can determine the flash point applicable to this mode of transport, not less than 45 °C.

This category of cargo refers to flammable liquids, liquid mixtures or liquids containing solids, but does not include liquids classified as hazardous due to their hazardous properties. The closed cup test flash point is equal to or lower than 61 °C, but different modes of transport can determine the flash point applicable to this mode of transport, not less than 45 °C.

This type of goods is divided into three flash points:

3.1 Low flash point liquid This cargo refers to a liquid with a flash point of less than −18°C in the closed cup test.

3.2 Flash point liquids This category of cargo refers to flammable liquids, liquid mixtures, or liquids containing solid matter, but does not include liquids classified as hazardous due to their hazardous properties. The closed cup test flash point is equal to or lower than 61 °C, but different modes of transport can determine the flash point applicable to this mode of transport, not less than 45 °C.

This type of goods is divided into three flash points:

3.1 Low flash point liquid This cargo refers to a liquid with a flash point of less than −18°C in the closed cup test.

3.2 Flash point liquids This cargo refers to liquids with a flash point of closed cup test of −18°C to <23°C.

3.3 High flash point liquids This cargo refers to liquids with a flash point of 23 °C to 61 °C in a closed cup test.

Category 4 flammable solids, flammable substances and wet flammable items

This cargo refers to a material that has a low flash point, is sensitive to heat, impact, and friction, is easily ignited by an external source of ignition, and burns rapidly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases, but does not include explosives.

4.1 Flammable solids This cargo is a solid that is low in ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact, friction, easily ignited by an external source of ignition, burns rapidly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases, but does not include explosives The substance. [such as: red phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium powder]

4.2 Spontaneous Combustion Items The term "self-ignited items" refers to items that are low in self-ignition temperature, prone to oxidation reactions in the air, emit heat, and burn themselves. 【Example: White phosphorus】

4.1 Flammable solids This cargo is a solid that is low in ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact, friction, easily ignited by an external source of ignition, burns rapidly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases, but does not include explosives The substance. [such as: red phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium powder]

4.2 Spontaneous Combustion Items The term "self-ignited items" refers to items that are low in self-ignition temperature, prone to oxidation reactions in the air, emit heat, and burn themselves. 【Example: White phosphorus】

4.3 Wet flammable articles This item refers to articles that, when exposed to water or moisture, undergo a violent chemical reaction and emit large amounts of flammable gases and heat. Some do not need open flames to burn or explode. [eg potassium, sodium, rubidium, lithium, calcium carbide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, magnesium silicide]

Category 5 oxidants and organic peroxides

5.1 Oxidants

This cargo refers to a substance that is in a high oxidation state, has strong oxidizing properties, and is easily decomposed and releases oxygen and heat. Including organic compounds containing peroxy radicals, which are not necessarily flammable per se, but can lead to the combustion of flammable materials. They can form explosive mixtures with soft powdered combustible materials and are sensitive to heat, vibration, or friction. 【Examples: potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate, perchloric acid, sodium persulfate】

5.2 Organic peroxides

This cargo refers to organic compounds containing peroxy groups in their molecular composition. It is inherently inflammable and explosive, easily decomposed, and extremely sensitive to heat, vibration, or friction. 【Example: Peroxyethyl ether】

5.1 Oxidants

This cargo refers to a substance that is in a high oxidation state, has strong oxidizing properties, and is easily decomposed and releases oxygen and heat. Including organic compounds containing peroxy radicals, which are not necessarily flammable per se, but can lead to the combustion of flammable materials. They can form explosive mixtures with soft powdered combustible materials and are sensitive to heat, vibration, or friction. 【Examples: potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate, perchloric acid, sodium persulfate】

5.2 Organic peroxides

This cargo refers to organic compounds containing peroxy groups in their molecular composition. It is inherently inflammable and explosive, easily decomposed, and extremely sensitive to heat, vibration, or friction. 【Example: Peroxyethyl ether】

Category 6 toxic goods and infectious articles

This cargo refers to a certain amount accumulated after entering the body, capable of undergoing biochemical or biophysical changes with body fluids and tissues, disturbing or destroying the normal physiological functions of the body, causing a temporary or persistent pathological state, even Life-threatening items.

6.1 Poisons

This cargo refers to a certain amount accumulated after entering the body, capable of undergoing biochemical or biophysical changes with body fluids and tissues, disturbing or destroying the normal physiological functions of the body, causing a temporary or persistent pathological state, even Life-threatening items. Oral intake of half lethal dose: solid LD50 ≤ 500 mg/kg, liquid LD50 ≤ 2000 mg/kg; after skin contact 24h, LD50 ≤ 1000 mg/kg; dust, smoke, and vapor inhalation LC50 ≤ 10 mg/L Solid or liquid, as well as pesticides listed on the dangerous goods list. [such as: phenol, methanol]

6.2 Infectious articles

6.1 Poisons

This cargo refers to a certain amount accumulated after entering the body, capable of undergoing biochemical or biophysical changes with body fluids and tissues, disturbing or destroying the normal physiological functions of the body, causing a temporary or persistent pathological state, even Life-threatening items. Oral intake of half lethal dose: solid LD50 ≤ 500 mg/kg, liquid LD50 ≤ 2000 mg/kg; after skin contact 24h, LD50 ≤ 1000 mg/kg; dust, smoke, and vapor inhalation LC50 ≤ 10 mg/L Solid or liquid, as well as pesticides listed on the dangerous goods list. [such as: phenol, methanol]

Explanation: The toxic gas classification number is: 2.3

6.2 Infectious articles

This cargo refers to a substance that contains pathogenic microorganisms that can cause morbidity or even death.

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