Application knowledge of CNC machine tools

CNC machine tools are highly automated machine tools. With the rapid development of social production and science and technology, the performance and quality of mechanical products have been continuously improved and frequently changed. In machining, multi-species, small-batch processing accounts for about 80%. In this way, the machine tool not only requires high precision and production efficiency, but also has “flexibility”, which is flexible and universal, and can quickly adapt to changes in the processed parts. CNC machine tools solve the problems of complex, precise, small batch, and variable parts processing, have the advantages of strong adaptability, high processing precision, stable processing quality and high production efficiency. It is a flexible and efficient automatic machine tool. With the development of electronics, automation, computers and precision testing, CNC machine tools will become even more important in the machinery manufacturing industry.

In addition to control of metal-cutting machine tools, numerical control systems are also commonly used to control simple machines such as wire cutting machines, punch presses, gas cutting machines, and even complex machines such as robots. There is a wide range of needs for high reliability, flexibility, and integration of mechatronics.

The programming of CNC machine tools should include the following contents: First, analyze the parts drawings, formulate the process plan according to the materials, shape and dimensions, precision, surface quality, blank types, and heat treatment requirements of the parts, determine the processing route, and perform numerical calculations to obtain the numerical control machine tools. Input data; plus the required process instructions, you can write a program, as the basis for the production of digital tape. The CNC tapes made on the piercer must be carefully calibrated to prevent errors. Spot welding

The CNC system of a machine tool is a position control system. First, a part processing program reduced according to the specific requirements of the processing part should be input. Then, the numerical control system performs corresponding processing on the input data of the part program, and the data section is interpolated ideally. Tool trajectory, and output the interpolation result to the execution part, so that the tool will process the required parts. The CNC system consists of several parts: the input of the part machining program, data processing, interpolation calculation and servo control.

The application of computer numerical control machine tools is a combination of modern computer technology, automatic control technology, sensors and measurement technology, machinery manufacturing technology and other areas of new achievements developed, it makes the machining to a higher level.

The computer numerical control system is mainly composed of two parts: hardware and software. The system control software cooperates with the system hardware to organize and manage the input, data processing, interpolation, and output information and control execution components of the CNC system, so that the CNC machine tool can be processed in an orderly manner according to the operator's requirements.

When the machine tool CNC system is working, the operator prepares the part machining program according to the drawing requirements of the machined parts. Normally, the part machining program is manually input through the keyboard, and the upper computer programmer can also input the part machining program directly into the control system through the input interface.

Due to the high cost of CNC machine tools, at present, they are mostly used for processing small and medium-sized batches of parts with complex shapes and high precision requirements. With the popularization of numerical control technology and the reduction of the cost of electronic devices, especially the emergence of computer numerical control systems and the rapid development of microcomputers, the scope of application of numerically-controlled machine tools is constantly expanding, the precision of machining is continuously improved, and the cost is continuously reduced.

The development of CNC machine tools has been more than 40 years old. It is closely related to the development of electronic technology, especially computer technology. Will apply in a wider range of fields.

In the early products of CNC machine tools, numerical control devices were dedicated. In recent years, logic circuits in numerical control devices have been replaced by computers, thus achieving diversification and multi-functional control. From the point of view of the recombination technology, the enhanced control function makes the operation of the machine tool automatic, not the ultimate goal. The control function should achieve good control and adaptive control, for which diagnostic functions should be added. Through sensor feedback, intelligent processing is achieved and system reliability is guaranteed.