In-depth study of cold chain logistics

The "Sudan Red Incident" that broke out in 2004 has become a powerful promoter of traceability systems for agricultural products. Affected by the "problem vaccination" in Shanxi this year, the public is very concerned about the safety of this large-scale measles vaccination campaign. The Ministry of Health and the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) stated at the “Shanxi Vaccine Incident” special briefing that there are problems in Shanxi's vaccine business and that the problems are directly related to circulation, and that local governments are required to increase supervision of vaccine manufacturers and wholesale companies. Enhance vaccine circulation and cold chain operation management.

"If there are adverse reactions after the vaccine, we first consider whether the medication is correct, whether the quality of the drug is a problem, and whether the injected person's constitution is suitable for injection, etc. But in many cases, the last investigation found that there is a problem in circulation. Then, what is the circulation link to prove whether it really caused a problem, how it was generated, or which link it produced? These are difficult to trace back, because at this stage, the pharmaceutical cold-chain logistics still has multiple relationships, multiple turnovers, etc. Temperature control records are provided at each stage of circulation, said Liu Weizhan, secretary-general of the Cold Chain Logistics Subcommittee of the National Logistics Standardization Technical Committee.

The safety of agricultural products, such as fruits and vegetables, and the safety of pharmaceuticals and medicines are directly related to people's livelihood and social stability. At the same time, they also put forward higher requirements for China's logistics supply chain, especially cold chain logistics. The Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology pointed out that the promotion of full temperature monitoring equipment and cold chain logistics information is an important guarantee for the people to provide safe food and safe drugs.

In-depth study of cold chain logistics

Wu Xingbing, vice president of Brocade Information, talked about the status quo of China's cold-chain logistics. He said with regret: "Compared with the cold-chain logistics of developed countries, there is a very big gap, and the logistics of other domestic products also lags behind." And a comprehensive analysis of the current cold chain logistics problems in China.

From the hardware point of view. Poor technology, outdated infrastructure, and lack of personnel have caused huge losses. At present, the refrigeration technology of the domestic cold chain industry is only equivalent to that of the foreign countries in the 1980s. The quality control of refrigeration and refrigeration, environmental temperature and cleanliness control, health management and packaging technology still have a large gap with international standards.

In the railroad industry, refrigerated trucks only account for about 2%, and most of them are old-fashioned mechanical frozen car wagons. There is a serious lack of standard insulation type fresh-keeping refrigerated transport vehicles. China's refrigerated and insulated vehicles account for only 0.3% of freight cars, in the developed countries, the United States is l%, the United Kingdom is 2.6%, and Germany is 3%. At present, China is close to 80%-90% of the fruit, vegetables, poultry meat The aquatic products are transported on ordinary trucks and covered with a piece of canvas.

Due to the high loss during transportation, logistics costs account for 70% of the cost of frozen foods. According to international general standards, the cost of logistics for perishable foods does not exceed 50% of its total cost. Due to the serious shortage of refrigeration logistics supply chain management and operation personnel, many advanced full-cycle refrigeration temperature control operation management systems are being established and cannot be used in time, resulting in information obstruction at various links, and perishable products often occur during transportation. Unnecessary delays further increased the risk.

From the software point of view. The backward management philosophy, lack of system, and lack of functions have led to slow development. Mainly reflected in the following two aspects:

First, the degree of marketization is very low and there are few third-party interventions. Apart from the export of China's perishable food, most of the perishable foods that are circulated in China are distributed by manufacturers and distributors. The development of third-party logistics in food cold chain is lagging behind, and the third-party logistics The service could not be put in place, lacking a group of influential and national third-party refrigerated logistics companies. At present, the vast majority of refrigerated logistics suppliers can only provide refrigerated transport services instead of real-time refrigerated logistics services. Compared with ordinary third-party logistics, refrigerated logistics must consider service prices and control factors for distribution channels. More manufacturers need to consider controlling the quality of products and the quality of services.

Brocade has made significant progress in the integration of multiple technology applications. It integrates RFID temperature tag technology with GPS technology and cold chain information systems. After the cargo temperature record data is read during transportation, it will be automatically uploaded to the temperature control data information. Platform, customers can download the corresponding record data at any time on the Internet, so as to achieve cargo en route inquiries, real-time temperature monitoring and geographical location tracking, which will fill the cold chain of transport temperature control gaps.

In a reporter interview, Wang Biaozhong, president and consultant of Brocade Information, mentioned that the establishment of a food traceability system is a seemingly simple but actually very complicated system project. Different types of agricultural products have different production processes, supply chain systems, and product features. Directly lead to differences in their traceability system. And this difference can be classified from three perspectives: "width", "depth" and "accuracy". Width refers to the range of information contained. Depth refers to the distance that can be traced back or forward. For example, feeds fed by animals can be traced back to the origin of all feed ingredients, or simply traced back to the supplier of mixed feeds, in conjunction with the requirements for tracing responsibility. Accuracy refers to the ability to determine the source of a problem or a product's characteristics. For example, the higher-value, individual-packaged parts of beef need to be traced back to the individual, while some of the lower-value and mixed-packaged products only need to be traced back to the production batch; chicken in meat, due to the huge slaughter Individual marking is difficult, and the environment and feed conditions for each batch of feed are not much different. It only needs to be traced back to the source batch.

Construction of cold chain logistics system, RFID, GPS popular

Due to the quality of refrigeration and safety issues coupled with the existence of moral hazard, manufacturing companies may have scruples when using third-party cold-chain logistics services. The fundamental way to solve this problem is to carry out overall supervision and information tracking of the service data of the entire cold chain logistics. At the same time, the third party logistics should actively use automatic identification technology, marking technology, real-time data record tracking technology, and electronic data exchange technology.

“The cold chain logistics has higher requirements on the control of time and temperature in production, transportation, storage and sales. Informatization is the solver of real-time control demand. The integrated logistics service needs to establish advanced information platform and use information. The technology and network technology timely understand the market dynamics and logistics service process and improve the accuracy, pertinence, efficiency and completeness of integrated logistics services, said Shen Guokang, president of Brocade Information.

The State provides policy support for pharmaceutical logistics enterprises in the application of RFID, GPS, and new medicine refrigerated containers to encourage enterprises to adopt new technologies and improve the safety of drug circulation.

With the expansion of the fast-moving consumer goods market, the cold transport network has rapidly expanded into a large-scale, highly professional equipment industry that involves a wide range of industries and employs a large number of employees. At present, the current status of the industry is characterized by labor intensiveness, large number of employees, and low basic quality. There are "blind areas" and "black boxes" in the management of vehicles in distribution, marketing and other businesses. Modern cold chain logistics belongs to temperature-controlled logistics. In order to realize timely information processing of cold chain logistics, optimization of distribution processes, and access to sorting automation and logistics management intelligence, cold chain logistics needs information technology as an auxiliary means.

Brocade senior consultants told reporters that in the cold chain logistics, RFID technology is used in the management of high value-added logistics systems such as food and medicine. By placing an RFID tag with a temperature sensor in the refrigerator when the drug is released, the cargo information including the drug temperature is stored in the RFID chip in real time. After the arrival of the goods, batch reading of the goods and temperature information by the handheld reader can realize instantaneous acquisition of temperature information throughout the journey, reducing labor costs and error rates.

At the same time introduced to the traditional temperature recorder is connected to the relevant equipment through the wire and read out the corresponding temperature data, and the use of RFID temperature tags do not need to open the cold chain turnover box, the external reader can automatically read the cold chain through wireless RF The data of the temperature of the goods in the box records the cold chain will not be broken, and the temperature of the product can be known at any time.

RFID-tagged cold-chain boxes are like having an electronic "ID card." "ID card" can record all information of goods, including real-time temperature information of goods. "When a batch of cold-chain turnover containers is out of the warehouse, the reader/writer can read all the information of the RFID temperature tags in the cold-chain thermal insulation boxes of the batch at a time. This enables the information entry of the cold-chain turnover containers to be carried in and out of the warehouse. Automation, shortening the time, and ensuring the accuracy of the information in and out of the warehouse, when the volume of goods is large, the automatic reading of information in and out of the warehouse can solve the bottleneck problem in the logistics operation.

It is reported that Brocade has made significant progress in the integration of multiple technology applications. It integrates RFID temperature tag technology with GPS technology and cold chain information system. After the cargo temperature record data is read, it will be automatically uploaded to the temperature control. Data and information platform, customers can download the corresponding data at any time on the Internet, so as to achieve in-transit information inquiries, real-time temperature monitoring and geographic location tracking, which will fill the gaps in the cold chain transport temperature control.

Brocade has made significant progress in the integration of multiple technology applications. It integrates RFID temperature tag technology with GPS technology and cold chain information systems. After the cargo temperature record data is read during transportation, it will be automatically uploaded to the temperature control data information. Platform, customers can download the corresponding record data at any time on the Internet, so as to achieve cargo en route inquiries, real-time temperature monitoring and geographical location tracking, which will fill the cold chain of transport temperature control gaps.

however. Few suppliers in China can guarantee the temperature control of the entire supply chain, which makes the majority of domestic refrigeration food manufacturers unable to outsource the entire refrigeration logistics business, and can only be self-operated refrigerated logistics. Even if outsourced, it will be Regional distribution and outsourcing of short-distance refrigerated transport. This also largely hinders the development of third-party refrigerated logistics. Many companies that have actively entered the cold chain market are unable to obtain the support of third-party refrigerated logistics in domestic sales. As a result, regional surpluses of refrigerated food products have been created. This has greatly dampened the enthusiasm of these manufacturers and has affected the healthy development of the market. At the same time, the service network and information system are not sound enough, which greatly affects the quality, accuracy and timeliness of food logistics.

Second, the cold chain logistics system lacks overall planning and integration of upstream and downstream. As the degree of industrialization of China's agriculture and the level of integration of production, supply and marketing are not high, we can see from the primary products of agriculture. Although the production and sales are huge. However, in the supply chain of primary agricultural products and perishable foods, there is a lack of comprehensive professional talents and lack of overall planning and coordination between upstream and downstream of the supply chain. Therefore, there are serious imbalances and unmatched phenomena in some local developments. The lack of development planning has affected the integration of cold chain resources and the promotion of the industry.

Cold chain logistics on scale field table integration

It is reported that the corruption of circulation of fruits and vegetables amounts to 100 billion yuan each year. For a long time, the post-production loss of agricultural products in China has been severe, and the corruption rates of fruits, vegetables, meat, and aquatic products have reached 20% to 30%, 12%, and 15%, respectively. The annual loss will reach 100 billion yuan. At present, China has about 400 million tons of fresh agricultural products entering circulation every year, and the cold chain circulation rates of fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products have reached 5%, 15%, and 23%, respectively, and the refrigerated transportation rates have reached 15%, 30%, and 40 respectively. In the developed countries, the cold chain circulation rate of meat and poultry has reached 100%, and the cold chain circulation rate of vegetables and fruits has reached more than 95%. China's existing cold storage capacity is 8.8 million tons; 1910 mechanical refrigerated trains, 20,000 mechanical refrigerated vehicles, 100,000 tons of reefer ships, and 1 million standard containers per year. The per capita cold storage capacity is only 7 kg, and the refrigerated insulated vehicle accounts for only 0.3% of the freight cars.

Studies have shown that improving refrigerated transport is an effective way to reduce flow corruption. Formulating national standards for cold chain logistics, accelerating the optimization of the logistics industry structure, expanding the scale of the third logistics company, advancing the informatization of logistics companies and lowering transportation costs are powerful safeguards for the fight against food and drugs. On July 28th, the National Development and Reform Commission printed and issued the “Agricultural Cold Chain Logistics Development Plan” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”). By 2015, China will build a number of cross-regional cold chain logistics distribution centers with high efficiency, large scale, and new technologies. It has established a cold chain logistics service system for agricultural products with reasonable layout, advanced facilities, upstream and downstream connection, complete functions, standardized management and sound standards. The cold chain circulation rate of fruits and vegetables, meat, and aquatic products increased to 20%, 30%, and 36%, respectively, and the refrigerated transportation rate increased to 30%, 50%, and 65%, respectively, and the circulation rate of the circulation products decreased to 15 respectively. %, 8%, 10% or less.

How to achieve the above goals? The plan also defines the seven major tasks and the eight major projects. Among them, the promotion of full temperature monitoring equipment, the acceleration of cold chain logistics equipment and technology upgrades, the promotion of cold chain logistics informationization, and the establishment of cold chain logistics full monitoring and system traceability system engineering are necessary means for developing China's cold chain logistics and ensuring food and drug transportation safety. The plan also emphasizes accelerating the construction of an integrated cold chain logistics system from “field to table”.

In 2010, Shanghai Xijiao International Agricultural Products Trading Center (Xijiao International) started the implementation of the most comprehensive and most advanced technology management system in China, and built the first complete food traceability system in China, which is used to implement food for the Shanghai World Expo. The supervision of the entire process from the field to the table ensures that it comes from more than 200 countries and international organizations. It lasts 184 days and expects 70 million visitors to have food safety.

Experts recommended by the Academy of Social Sciences not only encourage and support the construction of benchmarking projects such as Xijiao International, but also increase research funding for logistics supply chain software and promote and support technical support enterprises for these benchmarking projects (Fourth party logistics information The rapid development of service providers. It is reported that the food traceability system of the Xijiao International Agricultural Products Trading Center is provided by Brocade Information Co., Ltd. for full technical support.