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Countries attach importance to the metal renewable resource industry
Vigorously developing circular economy and cleaner production and improving resource utilization are the common goals of all countries in the world.
At the end of the 20th century, the scale of the renewable resources industry in developed countries has reached 250 billion US dollars; at the beginning of this century, it has increased to 600 billion US dollars, and is expected to reach 1.80 billion US dollars in 2010. A total of 56,000 companies in the United States are involved in this industry, with annual sales of $236 billion and 1.1 million jobs. 95% of the slag and more than 70% of the dust and slime in the German metallurgical industry were reused. In 2002, 20 million tons of scrap steel was utilized.
China's renewable metal resources increase rapidly
With the rapid development of various industries in China, the social quantity and renewable resources of non-ferrous metals are increasing rapidly. According to estimates of social holdings and life cycle, in the first half of the 1990s, domestic recycling of waste copper was 200,000 to 300,000 tons/year, and recycling of waste aluminum was also 200,000-300,000 tons/year; after the 1990s From the half-term to 2003, the recycling of waste copper is 400,000 tons/year, and the waste aluminum is 400,000-500,000 tons/year. In the field of recycled metals, about 60% of scrap copper is used directly, 40% of regenerated electrolysis is refined copper; and all aluminum scrap is used for alloying.
At the same time, China has entered a major cycle of resource recycling in many fields. For example, only automobiles, home appliances, computers, and mobile phones are used, and their annual elimination is quite large. At the same time, the resources of recycled metals generated by power, cable, electromechanical equipment, electronics, communications, transportation, construction and decoration industries are also increasing.
Renewable non-ferrous metals save energy and reduce consumption
China's energy consumption is growing rapidly, forming a sharp contradiction between supply and demand, and water resources are also extremely scarce. Therefore, we must first try to save energy and reduce consumption from the exploitation and production of primary resources, and at the same time develop a metal recycling economy, fundamentally changing the energy consumption and water consumption structure. . Similarly, China's environmental load is rapidly increasing, and modernization cannot be built on the basis of environmental overdraft. The non-ferrous metal industry is an industry with large emissions of sulfides, nitrogen oxides, solid wastes and heavy metal ions. On the one hand, it should reduce emissions from the production technology and management of primary metals, and on the other hand, develop circular economy and change industries. The structure solves environmental problems.
According to the actual weighted average calculation of pit mining and dew mining in 2003, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association has an average energy saving of 3.328 tons of copper, 8.199 tons of aluminum, 1.360 tons of lead, 2.632 tons of standard coal, and 734 tons of standard water. Tons, 70 tons of aluminum, 223 tons of lead, 143 tons of zinc. The production of primary metals produces large amounts of solid waste and sulphur dioxide, while the emissions of solid waste and sulphur dioxide from recycled metals are almost negligible. Similarly, in 2003, the actual calculation of the actual pit mining and exposed mining volume, the production of solid waste per ton of recycled metal is 420.5 tons of copper, 29 tons of aluminum, 0.06 tons of lead, and 0.12 tons of zinc.
In 2003, China utilized 2.57 million tons of recycled metal resources at home and abroad, saved 12.626 million tons of standard coal, saved 1.025 billion tons of water, 564 million tons of solid waste, and 256,200 tons of sulfur dioxide.
Scrap metal recycling has begun to take the foundation of industrial development
China's abundant human resources are an obvious advantage of the recycled metal industry. The recycling of domestic renewable resources requires a large team. At present, China has not formed a special network for scrap metal recycling. Scrap metal is an important renewable resource of high value and has become the main species of most recycling enterprises. There are 5,000 to 6,000 recycling enterprises in the country, about 150,000 recycling outlets, and 15 million to 18 million employees, of which about 10 million are engaged in individual recycling, accounting for 80% of the recycling of renewable resources. The renewable resources are fully recovered. Each year, about 500,000 tons of scrap aluminum, more than 400,000 tons of scrap copper, and nearly 300,000 tons of waste lead (all metal amounts) are recovered by this team.
China's enterprises engaged in the dismantling of imported scrap metal have solved the employment of more than 1 million people. For example, Taizhou, Zhejiang has more than 20 types of metal scrap fixed-point processing and utilization enterprises approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration. More than 40,000 people are engaged in the dismantling and recycling of waste electric motors. The annual dismantling capacity reaches 2 million tons, and the annual scrap copper is obtained. 10,000 to 200,000 tons, 120,000 tons of waste aluminum and 1.4 million tons of scrap steel have become the regions with the largest number of imported, recycled and dismantled motors in the world. Most of these metals are processed and utilized locally, which has greatly promoted the rapid economic development of areas with scarce metal resources.
Prevention and control of secondary pollution is an important issue
Recycling of recycled metals has been greatly recognized by all sectors of society in solving the problem of resource supply, substantial energy saving and water saving, greatly reducing environmental load, and exerting human resources advantages. However, the pollution in the process of recycling, dismantling, smelting and processing of recycled metal resources must be paid attention to by all parties, and it must be effectively solved by gradually realizing industrial upgrading. Otherwise, it will inevitably be criticized by public opinion and the continuous rectification of relevant departments, and it will not develop in a healthy and stable manner.
The pollution of the recycled metal industry mainly comes from the incineration of fine wires that are difficult to peel by some enterprises, the lead poisoning of waste battery smelting process and the random discharge of waste acid. The waste liquid in the process of metal recycling of waste circuit boards lacks treatment, waste oil and fluorine. Refrigerants, foaming agents, brominated flame retardants, and non-renewable waste are not uniformly incinerated and buried.
At present, the status quo of scrap metal dismantling, smelting and processing enterprises in China is small and scattered. A considerable number of enterprises are still workshop-style, mainly manual, supplemented by machinery, unable to establish environmental protection facilities, and the management is also very difficult; It has developed a number of large and medium-sized dismantling, smelting and processing enterprises that have begun to take shape, and has corresponding environmental protection facilities. Third, several reclaimed metal professional parks have been built to lay a preliminary foundation for solving environmental problems.
In order to solve the pollution problem of the recycled metal industry, it is necessary to gradually move towards intensive production. On the one hand, establish and improve the reclaimed metal park, formulate the park management policies and regulations that suit China's national conditions, guide enterprises to enter the park, share the unified environmental protection facilities of the park, and gradually improve the level of technical equipment and scale production through enterprise restructuring and technological transformation. Comprehensive utilization level and environmental governance level. On the other hand, it supports the recyclable metal enterprises that have already scaled up, perfects environmental protection facilities, and achieves the three waste disposal standards. The healthy development of the recycling metal recycling industry needs to provide the necessary policy support.
Prospects for the recycled metal industry
The circular economy pursues the full advantage of human resources, and obtains greater economic benefits with less resources, energy consumption, and milder environmental pollution. The state has mentioned the development of circular economy and the construction of a resource-saving society on the important agenda. The non-ferrous metal industry as a strategic resource industry is an important field for the development of circular economy.