Mining method and cost of ionic rare earth ore

The first generation extraction process of ionic rare earth can be briefly described as "ex situ extraction process" or "pool immersion process". The main process is: topsoil stripping→excavation containing ore body, carrying ore→leaching pool→ electrolyte solution configured according to a certain ratio (concentration requirement) as “eluent” or “leaching agent”, added to the leaching The pool, the solution contains "ion phase" rare earth ore in the pool for "diafiltration" or "leaching" → the active ions in the solution exchange with the rare earth ions, and the "ion phase" rare earth is exchanged from the ore-bearing carrier minerals. New state rare earth; adding "top water" to obtain mother liquor containing rare earth; mother liquor flows into the sump or mother liquor pool through pipeline or infusion ditch, and then enters the sedimentation tank; after leaching, the waste slag is cleared from the leaching pool and discharged in different places → at Precipitating agent and impurity removing agent are added to the sedimentation tank to remove impurities and precipitates in the rare earth mother liquor, and the mixed rare earth is obtained; after the supernatant in the pool is treated, it is returned to the leaching tank for recycling as an "eluent" → mixed rare earth After burning, a mixed rare earth oxide having a purity of ≥ 92% is obtained. It can be seen from the above that the technical keywords in the process are: "surface soil stripping", "excavation containing mine body", "ore handling", "leaching pool", "eluent extracting agent", "off-site percolation elution" "," ion exchange", "rare earth containing mother liquor", "tailing sand discharge", "mother liquor pool", "sedimentation tank", "precipitant, impurity remover", "precipitation, impurity removal", "mixed rare earth" , "Return of supernatant", "burning", "REO ≥ 92% mixed rare earth oxide".

Compared with the traditional production process, the "pool dip process" is similar to the traditional mining process in the mining of mineral resources; the third, fourth and fifth process processes are similar to the traditional ones. each operation step in mineral processing and hydrometallurgical professional combination; since each step after the fifth step of the process channel, belonging to each job traditional wet metallurgy process. Among them, the "leaching pool" in the third process plays a role in connection with the traditional mining and mineral processing operations, similar to the "original mine" of the mine selection plant; and the "sedimentation tank" in the fifth process, It plays a role in connection with traditional mineral processing and hydrometallurgical operations, similar to the "raw material" of hydrometallurgical enterprises.

Therefore, the main sorting process similar to the traditional beneficiation profession is completed in the "leaching pool", and as the intermediate product of the process, the mother liquor containing rare earth is obtained here; and the typical wet process belonging to the traditional hydrometallurgical specialty The metallurgical process is mainly carried out in the "sedimentation tank", and thus the primary product "mixed rare earth" of "rare earth concentrate" is obtained; after the burning treatment, the "rare earth concentrate" final product REO ≥ can be obtained. 92% mixed rare earth oxide.

In other words, in the above-mentioned operation process, "intermediate products", "primary products" and "final products" were obtained in three typical operations. That is, in the "leaching tank", the mother liquor containing the rare earth is obtained by ion exchange; in the "precipitation tank", the mixed rare earth is prepared by precipitation; in the "burning", the mixed rare earth oxide is obtained. . Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of ionic rare earth products, it is important to close the technology from these three key operations.

In this process, the "rare earth concentrate" product obtained is no longer a "rare earth concentrate" mineral product in the traditional concept, but a "mixed rare earth oxide" product with relatively high purity. Strictly speaking, the final grade products obtained from ionic rare earth mines are no longer subordinated to "mineral products", but products in the hydrometallurgical category. Obviously, its product grade has been greatly improved by a step beyond the traditional mining products.

The above process flow structure is a brand-new process in the development and utilization of rare earth mineral resources. It completely breaks the traditional process of rare earth resource development, and integrates various professions and processes into one, and directly produces high-purity mixed rare earth oxide products in the mine. The application of this production process, and the quality index of the products produced is difficult to achieve before the rare earth production process. It can be seen that using this product as a raw material is very advantageous for further deep processing of rare earth smelting.

However, everything in the world often has "two qualities." The ionic rare earth has a very advantageous side, and at the same time it determines its unsatisfactory side due to its characteristics and process characteristics. Along with the industrial production of the "pool dip process", some very sharp and prominent problems have arisen: First, the ecological environment is greatly damaged. Since the ionic rare earth is widely distributed in the shallow surface of the earth, the distribution area is large, and the "pool dip process" itself requires that the production process is actually a "moving mountain movement". According to statistics, for each ton of mixed rare earth oxides, about 1,201-2,001 tons of ore will be consumed, and 1,200-2,000 tons of tailings will be produced, and the sanding area will be about 1 mu. Second, resource utilization is low and resources are wasted. In order to facilitate the mining, transportation and tailings discharge of ore, reduce costs and save investment, many mines' "leaching pools" are built in the middle and lower parts of the hillside ore body, and the ore bodies below the "leaching pool" are used. The construction of the production system "pressure mine", especially if covered by tailings, is more difficult to mine. According to the data, the resource utilization rate in the process table is generally less than 50%, and the low is only about 25 to 30%.

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